Renewable energy

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Renewable energy development and share in
energy balances of Central-East EuropeBioenergy
perspectives
Grzegorz Wisniewski, Ewa Ganko
EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre Centre of
Excellence
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General assumptions of the presentation

• Focus on biomass and new Member States
• Focus on biomass feedstock, not bioenergy
  technologies
• Focus on enlargement processes - bioenergy
  challenges and opportunities
• Strenth and weekness of bioenergy

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Background the role of bioenergy in the EU
EU White Paper on RES Additional contribution
of RES, 1998 - 2010
Most of the additional RES contribution (gt107
Mtoe) will be supplied by biomass !
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Structure of primary energy consumption in 2002
Source Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable
Energies in the European Union II
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Renewable energy share in TPES, in 2001
COUNTRY RES (incl. LH) BIOMASS
Czech Rep. 2,4 2
Estonia 11 11
Hungary 2,1 2
Latvia 36 30
Lithuania 8,4 8
Poland 5,4 5
Slovak Rep. 4 2
Slovenia 12 7
REGION 7 5
Source IEA 2003
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Structure of RES use in 2001 PJ
Source Reiche D, 2003, Handbook of Renewable
Energies in the European Union II
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Dynamic of bioenergy capacity in Poland
Wood DH plants gt 5MW
Straw DH plants gt 5MW
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Land use
Source FAOSTAT, 2002 TBFRA, 2000
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Residue biomass
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Dedicated energy crops
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Energy crops potential
Based on set-aside and fallow land and av. enery
crops yield 7-8 t DM/hayr
Based on FAO 2002
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Opportunities for energy crops
Source FAO 2002 D. Reiche 2003
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RES-E targets for 2010 EU Directive 2001/77/EC
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Biofuels for transporttrends targets
Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2002 Eibensteiner
Riedler OEG, 2000
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District heating 2001 PJ
Source Heat from Renewable Energy Sources HKV
B.V. / EC DG ENV 09.2002
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Strength of bioenergy

• Huge and unexploited bio-resources availability
  at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)
• Current surplus of agricultural production
  opportunities for energy crops production
• Attractive short term options for heat and CHP
  production coal and biomass co-firing
• Improvement of policy and legal framework driven
  by the EU regulations
• Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby

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Weakness for bioenergy

• Infant bio-energy industry little capacity and
  experiences with more advanced technologies (for
  bio-electricity and biofuels)
• Fossil fuels still subsidised, overcapacity of
  the existing power systems
• Risk associated with land competition (food or
  energy) and uncertain pattern of agricultural
  production and future food demand (protein diet
  or vegetarian)
• Limited own financial resources and weak
  technical infrastructure for large scale
  bio-energy production

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Bioenergy after EU enlargement

• Cheaper implementation of EU directives on green
  electricity, biofuels and green heat (?) and
  Kioto targets
• Development of European solid and liquid
  biofuels market and international trade in the
  region
• Opportunities for bio-energy technologies
  transfer and innovation
• Bio-resources advanced bio-energy technology
  lower energy import dependency, both in NMS and
  EU15
• Sustainable approach to bio-resources
  production, both from forestry and agriculture is
  essential for ACC

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Thank you
www.ecbrec.pl Ewa Ganko eganko_at_ecbrec.pl
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Utilisation of RES in Poland 2002 (by EC BREC)
Source Capacity (MW) Electricity Production (GWh) Heat production (TJ) Total energy production (TJ) Contribution to total energy production
Biomass 6500 310 102056 103173 92.0
Solar 17 - 37 37 0.0
Geothermal heat pumps 89 - 526 526 0.5
Wind 29 60 - 216 0.2
Hydro (small plants lt5 MW) 524 (185) 2276 (698) - 8192 (2511) 7.3 (2.2)
Total 7100 2646 102619 112146 100.0
Biomass 98 of total production of renewable
energy (large hydro-electric power plants not
included)
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Capacity increase of RES in Poland in 1999-2002
RES installation Capacity in MW in 1999 Capacity in MW in 2002 Capacity increase in MW Growth rate in /year
Wood-fired heating plants 350 450 100 8.7
Straw-fired heating plants 13 92 79 92.0
Biomass-fired boilers 7 23 16 48.7
Town biogas plants 38.9 61.5 22.6 16.5
Landfill gas plants 9 15.4 6.4 19.6
Solar collectors 6.5 17 10.5 37.8
Geothermal energy 26.8 55.75 28.9 27.6
Wind energy 4 28.5 24.5 92.4
Small hydro-electric plants 156 184.9 28.9 5.8
Total 611.2 928.05 316.8 Average 15
Capacity increase in wood-fired installations at
small consumers and in industry is unknown.