Missouri Compromise

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Missouri Compromise

• Missouri territory applied for statehood as a
  slave state 1819.
• Nation was currently divided with 11 free and 11
  slave states
• Maine was admitted as a free state.
• Made slavery illegal north of the 3630 parallel
  an attempt to stop the spread of slavery out
  west.
• Slavery was still legal south of the 3630 line.
• Missouri was admitted as a slave state 1820.

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Wilmot Proviso

• Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846
• Called for a law to outlaw slavery in the land
  won from the war with Mexico
• Passed in the House but defeated in the Senate

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Compromise of 1850

• Presented by Rep. Henry Clay
• California was admitted as a free state.
• New Mexico territory was divided into NM and
  Utah. The people of these territories were
  allowed to vote on whether to allow slavery
  popular sovereignty
• Abolish the slave trade in Wash. D.C.
• Proposed a new, more strict Fugitive Slave Law.
• Settled a border dispute between Mexico and
  Texas, increasing the size of Texas (does not
  create TX as a state).

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Fugitive Slave Act

• Required all citizens to help catch runaway
  slaves
• Special courts were set up to handle runaways
• Judges received 10 for sending the accused back
  to the South, but only 5 for setting them free
• Made northerners feel as though they were part of
  the slave system again
• Accused not allowed a jury trial

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Introduced by Stephen Douglas in 1854
• Repealing the Missouri Compromise
• Organized Kansas and Nebraska territories on the
  basis of popular sovereignty
• Pro-slavery Missouri residents crossed into these
  territories to cast ballots (in order to sway the
  vote)

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Tension in Kansas and Nebraska

• Kansas and Nebraska territories north of 3630
  line, closed to slavery
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular
  sovereignty on slavery
• Act is supported by Senator Stephen Douglas
  because he knew Southerners did not want to add
  another free state and he wanted to build a
  transcontinental railroad from Chicago to the
  Pacific
• Bleeding Kansas
• In 1855, proslavery settlers from Missouri cross
  border to vote in Kansas
• Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over
  slavery in Kansas (Continued on the next slide)
• Violence in the Senate
• Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles
  out Andrew Butler
• Preston S. Brooks, Butlers nephew, assaults
  Sumner on Senate

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Bleeding Kansas

• Pro-slavery activists traveled to Lawrence, KS,
  an anti-slavery stronghold, and smashed the press
  of the Free-Soil newspaper
• John Brown, an abolitionist, traveled to
  Pottawatomie Creek and killed five pro-slavery
  men
• Describes the blood-shed and violence in the
  western territories

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John Brown

• 1859 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
• Led followers east on his anti-slavery campaign
• Planned an attack on a federal arsenal
• He hoped enslaved African-Americans would flock
  to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a
  revolt
• Robert E. Lee captures Brown and followers
• Brown and four others were hanged

• 1856-Kansas
• Pro-Slavery raided the town of Lawrence Kansas an
  anti-slavery stronghold.
• John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to
  Kansas to make it a free state, struck back. He
  road into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the
  middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons,
  Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers.
• Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people
  had been killed in Kansas

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Crittenden Compromise

• Proposed by John J. Crittenden in 1860
• Rejected by President-elect Lincoln
• Re-institute the Missouri Compromise line north
  of the 3630 line slavery was illegal and south
  of the 3630 line slavery could expand.