Cardiovascular System

1
Cardiovascular System

• Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards

2
Directions

• The first slide asks a question.
• The second slide answers the question.
• Use these slides like flash cards to test your
  core knowledge.

3
Question

• What is the location of the heart?

4
Answer

• In the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity between
  the lungs.

5
Question

• What is the position of the heart?

6
Answer

• The heart lies left of the midline 2/3 on the
  left,1/3 on the right

7
Question

• Describe the size of the heart.

8
Answer

• It weighs approximately one pound and is about
  the size of a closed fist.

9
Question

• What is the lower blunt point of the heart called?

10
Answer

• Apex

11
Question

• The heart is contained in a two-layer sac.
  Please name and describe each layer.

12
Answer

• 1.Pericardiumthe inside layer is called visceral
  pericardium (aka epicardium) and covers the heart
  like an apple skin.
• 2.The outside layer is the parietal pericardium
  and is a loose fitting sac.
• 3.There is a thin layer of pericardial fluid in
  between the two, allowing free movement.

13
Question

• Name the four (4) valves in the heart that
  prevent the backflow of blood.

14
Answer

• Two AV or atrioventricular valves located between
  the atria and the ventricles. The right is called
  the tricuspid valve the left is called the
  bicuspid or mitral valve.
• Two SL or semilunar valves located between the
  two ventricular chambers and the large arteries
  that carry the blood away from the heart. The
  right is the pulmonary semilunar valve the left
  is the aortic semilunar valve.

15
Question

• The two upper chambers of the heart are called
  ______.

16
Answer

• Atria

17
Question

• What is the hearts average beats per minute?

18
Answer

• 72 beats per minute

19
Question

• There are two distinct sounds in every heart
  beatlub-dup. What is happening during the first
  sound, lub?

20
Answer

• Closing of the AV valves during contraction of
  the ventricles.

21
Question

• When measuring blood pressure, we hear sounds for
  diastole and systole. Please indicate which is
  the top number and which is the bottom number.

22
Answer

• Systole is the top number.
• Diastole is the bottom number.

23
Question

• The second sound heard, the dup, is when the SL
  valves close and the ventricles are in ______.

24
Answer

• Diastole

25
Question

• In systemic circulation, describe the route of
  the blood to the body from the left ventricle of
  the heart.

26
Answer

• LV gt AORTA gt ARTERIES gtARTERIOLES gtCAPILLARIES gt
  VENULES gt VEINS gt S I VENA CAVA gtRA

27
Question

• In what direction do veins and arteries carry
  blood?

28
Answer

• Veins toward the heart.
• Arteries away from the heart.

29
Question

• How many layers does a capillary have?

30
Answer

• One

31
Question

• Name the three layers of the artery and vein from
  innermost to outermost.

32
Answer

1. Tunica intima
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica aventitia

33
Question

• Which layer is the capillary?

34
Answer

• Tunica intima

35
Question

• What happens during pulmonary circulation?

36
Answer

• Gas Exchange. Discharging CO2 and receiving O2.

37
Question

• What is the instrument used to read blood
  pressure?

38
Answer

• Sphygmomanometer

39
Question

• Blood pressure is read on what artery?

40
Answer

• Brachial

41
Question

• List the nine major pulse points.

42
Answer

• Temporal
• Facial
• Carotid
• Axillary
• Brachial
• Radial
• Femoral
• Popliteal
• Dorsalis pedis

43
Question

• What is tachycardia?

44
Answer

• Faster than normal heart rate.

45
Question

• What is stroke volume?

46
Answer

• The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles
  during each beat.

47
Question

• What is the cardiac cycle?

48
Answer

• Bone forming cells found on the periosteum.

49
Question

• Define osteoclasts.

50
Answer

• A group of cells that reabsorb bone.

51
Question

• What are intercalated discs?

52
Answer

• The electrical connectors between cardiac muscle
  cells.

53
Question

• What is the pacemaker of the heart?

54
Answer

• Sinoatrial node (SA node)