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Cell dIVISION

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Mitosis and Meiosis Asexual v. Sexual Reproduction process where 1 cell splits into 2 Replaces somatic (body) cells in multicellular organisms Allows for ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cell dIVISION


1
Cell dIVISION
  • Mitosis and Meiosis
  • Asexual v. Sexual Reproduction

2
Cell Division
  • process where 1 cell splits into 2
  • Replaces somatic (body) cells in multicellular
    organisms
  • Allows for multicelullar growth
  • Allows for asexual reproduction in plants

3
  • Chromosome rod shaped structure made up
  • DNA and protein
  • a. held together by centromere
  • - holds chromatids together until they
  • separate during division
  • b. only found during cell division

4
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5
Chromosome Number
  • Human/animal chromosomes sex chromosomes
    and autosomes
  • Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells
  • Karyotype used to examine an individuals
    chromosomes

6
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7
Haploid Diploid
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) Somatic cells (body-all other cells)
½ the of chromosomes (23) Has ALL chromosomes (46)
half the DNA Has ALL DNA
N haploid 2N diploid
8
Haploid/Diploid Problems
  • Haploid ? Diploid sex cell ? body cell ( x by
    2)
  • Diploid ? Haploid body cell ? sex cell ( by
    2)
  • Diploid ? Diploid body cell ? body cell
    Haploid ? Haploid sex cell ? sex cell

9
Practice Problems
  • Dogs have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells.
    How many are in their haploid cells?
  • If there are 23 chromosomes in a sperm cell, how
    many would be in the skin cell?
  • If there are 46 chromosomes in a nerve cell, how
    many would be in a blood cell?
  • If there are 23 chromosomes in a sperm cell, how
    many would be in a human ovum (egg)

10
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
  • Binary Fision two identical cells are produced
    from one cell
  • division in bacteria

11
Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Mitosis Meiosis
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
Division of diploid cells (somatic cells) Division of haploid cells (reproductive cells)
Results in 2 identical daughter cells Results in 4 haploid daughter cells
1 division 2 divisions
12
Cell Cycle
  • series of events leading to cell division

13
Mitosis
  • Asexual Reproduction
  • Diploid cells split into 2 identical diploid
    cells
  • Allows body cells to be replaced and cells to GROW

14
Phases of Mitosis
  • 1. Prophase

15
  • 2. Metaphase

16
  • 3. Anaphase

17
  • 4. Telophase

18
Cytokinesis
19
Meiosis
  • sexual reproduction
  • Fusing of 2 haploid gametes to form 1 diploid
    zygote

20
Stages
  • 2 divisions
  • a. Meiosis I

21
  • b. Meiosis II

22
Sources of Genetic Variation
  • Crossing over
  • Fertilization
  • Independent Assortment
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