Chapter 8.1: Nucleic Acids

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Chapter 8.1 Nucleic Acids The Basics

• CHEM 7784
• Biochemistry
• Professor Bensley

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CHAPTER 8.1 Nucleic Acid Basics
Todays Objective (To learn and understand the)

• Biological function of nucleotides and nucleic
  acids
• Structures of common nucleotides

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Central Dogma of Biology
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Nucleotides and Nucleosides

• Nucleobase
• Nitrogeneous base
• Nucleoside
• Nitrogeneous base Pentose
• Nucleotide
• Nitrogeneous base Pentose Phosphate

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Pentoses of Nucleotides

• D-ribose (in RNA)
• 2-deoxy-D-ribose (in DNA)
• The difference?
• 2'-OH vs 2'-H
• This difference affects secondary structure and
  stability

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Nitrogenous Bases
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Nucleosides
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Anti-conformation predominates in nucleic acid
polymers
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Phosphate group

• Negatively charged at neutral pH
• Typically attached to 5 position
• Nucleic acids are built using 5-triphosphates
• Nucleic acids contain one phosphate moiety per
  nucleotide

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Nucleotides

• Phosphate ester of nucleosides

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The plane of the base is oriented perpendicular
to the plane of the pentose group
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Nomenclature
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Nomenclature Deoxyribonucleotides
You need to know structures, names and symbols
(both two-letter (dA) and four-letter (dAMP)
codes)
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Nomenclature Ribonucleotides
You need to know structures, names, and symbols
(both one letter and three-letter codes)
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Polynucleotides
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• Nucleotide monomers are joined by 3-5
  phosphodiester linkages to form nucleic acid
  (polynucleotide) polymers

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Base pairing evident in DNA compositions