AP Psychology Test review: prologue

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AP Psychology Test review prologue
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1. Psychology is defined as

• A) the study of behavior and mental processes.
• B) the study of behavior.
• C) the scientific study of behavior and mental
  processes.
• D) the science of behavior and consequences.

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2. Socrates and Plato were in agreement that

• A) knowledge is something we are born with.
• B) knowledge is something taught and learned.
• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
• D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

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3. It was _____ who believed that the mind grows
from experiences in our memory.

• A) Socrates
• B) Plato
• C) Descartes
• D) Aristotle

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4. ____ believed the fluid in the cavities of
the brain contained animal spirits.

• A) Plato
• B) Bacon
• C) Aristotle
• D) Descartes

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An essay of the political philosopher _____,
arguing the mind is a blank slate, helped form
modern empiricism.

• A) Bacon
• B) Locke
• C) Descartes
• D) Plato

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6. The first psychological laboratory was
established by

• A) Wilhelm Wundt.
• B) Sigmund Freud.
• C) John Locke.
• D) B.F. Skinner.

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7. Tichner believed in the method called ____ to
investigate psychological processes.

• A) the experimental method
• B) cause-and-effect relationships
• C) introspection
• D) psychoanalysis

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8. William James studied behavior based on how it
was adaptive. He was heavily influenced by
_____.

• A) John Locke
• B) Charles Darwin
• C) Sigmund Freud
• D) Francis Bacon

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9. Mary Calkins was famous for

• A) being the first female president of the APA.
• B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.
• C) being the first female graduate student,
  thanks to Titchner.
• D) all of the above.

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10. The first textbook was written by

• A) Washburn.
• B) Titchner.
• C) Wundt.
• D) James.

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11. Watson and Skinner would be in agreement in
their

• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
• B) dismissal of introspection.
• C) definition of psychology as the study of
  behavior and mental processes.
• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

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12. Current psychology employs three main levels
of analysis, which include all of the following
except

• A) biological.
• B) psychological.
• C) psychoanalytical.
• D) social-cultural.

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13. A psychologist explains human mate selection
in terms of helping the species to continue. She
is using the ____ perspective.

• A) social-cultural
• B) neuroscience
• C) evolutionary
• D) biological

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14. In psychology, the current stand on the
nature-nurture controversy is

• A) nature works on what nature endows.
• B) learning is far more important than genetics.
• C) genetics is far more important than learning.
• D) we are born with a blank slate until learning
  occurs.

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15. In studying anger, the psychologist who views
an anger outburst as an outlet for unconscious
hostility is coming from the ___ perspective.

• A) neuroscience
• B) evolutionary
• C) cognitive
• D) psychodynamic

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16. The psychologist most likely to treat mental
disorders is the

• A) counseling psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) personality psychologist.
• D) developmental psychologist.

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17. The ___ has a medical degree and prescribes
medication.

• A) clinical psychologist
• B) neuropsychologist
• C) psychiatrist
• D) all of the above

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18. You are a VP in a major corporation and need
to hire a professional to help hire and train
employees more effectively. Your best choice
would likely be a(n)

• A) industrial/organizational psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) social psychologist.
• D) cognitive psychologist.

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19. Research aimed at building psychologys
knowledge base is

• A) applied research.
• B) academic research.
• C) basic research.
• D) theoretical research.

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20. The psychological specialty most likely to
focus on applied research is

• A) Biological Psychology.
• B) Cognitive Psychology.
• C) Personality Psychology.
• D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

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21. The correct order of the SQ3R method is

• A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.
• B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.
• C) survey, question, read, reorganize,
  regurgitate.
• D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

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22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only studies
the day before the test, so it is, fresh. You
point out

• A) short-term memory is more accurate than
  long-term memory.
• B) studying right before the test is better than
  the day before.
• C) spaced practice is more effective.
• D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he
  should do fine.

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23. In class, you can listen actively by

• A) asking questions.
• B) write down main ideas.
• C) thinking about what is being said.
• D) all of the above.

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24 Your text recommends the way to answer
multiple-choice questions is to

• A) cover the answers first.
• B) weigh the potential of each answer.
• C) eliminate the wrong answers first.
• D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

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25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active
listening, stating, No reception without
reaction, no impression without . . .
expression.

• A) Sigmund Freud
• B) William James
• C) John Locke
• D) Wilhelm Wundt

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26. An important difference between humanistic
and psychodynamic approaches is that humanistic
psychologists believe in the importance of

• A) Learning
• B) Free Will
• C) Biological Instincts
• D) Unconscious Experiences

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27. Although paul seems bright and capable to his
friends and parents, he has been failing school.
He agrees to speak to a psychologist, who
suggests that his problems steam from internal
processes such as unrealistic expectations and
negative thinking. The psychologists view is
typical of which of the following models of
behavior?

• A) Psychoanalytic
• B) Humanistic
• C) Cognitive
• D) Unconscious Experiences

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28. Cognitive theorists emphasize the

• A) Powerful unconscious impulses that motivate
  behavior
• B) Formation and modification of schemas
• C) Impact of rewards and punishments
• D) Social norms that determine behavior

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29. According maslows hierarchy of needs, which
of the following is true?

• A) Cultural differences impact the rate that
  individuals reach self-actualization
• B) Self-actualization will always precede the
  meeting of needs for esteem
• C) Women are more likely to reach
  self-actualization than men
• D) Physiological needs must be met before an
  individual achieves self-actualization

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30. Which of the following approaches emphasizes
observable responses over inner experiences when
accounting for behavior?

• A) Humanistic
• B) Cognitive
• C) Evolutionary
• D) Behavioral

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31. Which of the following is true for
behaviorism?

• A) Its rooted in Freuds view of the importance
  of early experiences
• B) It was formulated to account for cognitive
  development
• C) It holds that development is largely a product
  of learning
• D) It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over
  environment

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32. leadership, job satisfaction, and employee
motivation are all studied in which of the
following psychological disciplines?

• A) Counseling psychology
• B) Experimental psychology
• C) Human factors psychology
• D) Industrial-organizational psychology

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33. The inheritance of behavioral characteristics
was emphasized by?

• A) John Locke
• B) John Watson
• C) Charles Darwin
• D) B.F. Skinner

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34. Which professional specialty focuses on the
diagnosis and treatment of people with
psychological disorders?

• A) Counseling psychology
• B) Experimental psychology
• C) Clinical psychology
• D) Developmental psychology

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35. Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved
experimental studies of?

• A) reactions to sensory stimulation.
• B) learning and memory.
• C) personality development.
• D) association and generalization.

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36. William James was a prominent American?

• A) structuralist.
• B) functionalist.
• C) psychoanalyst.
• D) behaviorist.

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37. Who was a student of William James and the
first female president of the American
Psychological Association??

• A) Margaret Floy Washburn
• B) Mary Whiton Calkins
• C) Margaret Washington
• D) Rosalie Rayner

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38. Who would have been most likely to ignore
mental processes and to define psychology as the
scientific study of observable behavior??

• A) Watson
• B) Piaget
• C) Titchner
• D) Wundt

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39. Which of the following psychologists most
clearly rejected the value of introspection?

• A) Freud
• B) James
• C) Watson
• D) Wundt

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40. The founder of the american psychological
association in 1892?

• A) Albert Bandura
• B) Carl Rogers
• C) G. Stanley Hall
• D) Cecil Sumner

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Answers
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. D
24. A
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. B C C B D D C D C
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. C A B B A B C