The Civil War

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The Civil War
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The Civil War

• War fought between the northern and southern
  states lasting from 1861-1865.

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VS

• Stephen Douglass
• Democrat
• Southerner
• Pro-Slavery
• Wanted to continue slavery

• Abraham Lincoln
• Republican
• Northerner
• Abolitionist
• Lincoln said nation could not continue slavery.

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Reaction in Georgia

• Georgia convinced the North was against them
  because of Lincoln.
• General Assembly gives 1 million to defend
  state.
• Gov. John Brown believed that Lincoln would
  abolish slavery.
• Brown wants succession.

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Reaction in Georgia

• Georgias 132 counties had a convention.
• Voted on succession
• The vote won
• Georgia seceded from U.S.

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Southern View of Secession

• South felt that union as a compact among states.
• States could leave as easy as they entered
• Constitution didnt say they couldnt leave.
• They saw Union as a club they could leave.

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Northern View

• Union is older than the Constitution
• Union is a contract to break a contract you
  need both sides to agree
• Succession is illegal and unconstitutional
• Act of violence between states illegal
• Saw Union as like a marriage you cant leave.
  Till Death do us part.

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Northern View

• Lincoln warned Georgia
• Georgia still left Union
• Many people did not want to leave but loyal to GA.

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A New Nation Formed

• GA out of USA
• New Nation, Confederate States of America
• Used type of Government of Articles of
  Confederation
• Weak Federal strong States.

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• Jefferson Davis

• Jefferson Davis pres of new country.
• Montgomery AL first capital

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Fight Begins

• Union left forces on Fort Sumter in SC
• SC Confederacy want them out
• Attack fort several times
• South win and North leaves fort
• Start of the Civil War

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Fight Begins

• Lincoln builds an army after Sumter
• Blockade the south
• States take sides
• 4 slave states stay with Union, called border
  states
• Delaware,
• Kentucky,
• Maryland
• Missouri

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Blockade of Georgia and the South

• North blockade Georgia Ports
• Cut off Georgia from the ocean
• Some ships sneak past Blockade Runners

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Life in Georgia during the Civil War

• First 2 years fighting outside GA
• Blockade of south by north makes it hard to sell
  cotton
• No cotton sold no
• No for army

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Life in Georgia during the Civil War

• Women of GA substitute stuff for things they
  cant buy
• Slavery remained during war
• Slaves used to build forts
• Confederacy considered using slaves to fight
• 1. Contradict that slaves were not equal to
  white
• 2. Slaves may shoot confederate army

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Life in Georgia during the Civil War

• With slave owners gone to fight slaves runaway
• Many go out to island off coast controlled by
  north

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Georgians in the War

• Gov. Brown called for men to fight
• Gets 25,000 men
• Not enough weapons
• Soldiers nicknamed
• Billy Yank North
• Johnny Reb - South

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Georgians in the War

• Great leadership advantage to south
• 1st major battle Virginias Manassas Junction
• South Wins
• Both sides found long war

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Antietam

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee moved his
  troops to Maryland.
• From there he planned to capture Washington, D.C.
  
• His troops were stopped by Union troops commanded
  by George B. McClellan at Antietam Creek,
  Maryland.
• On September 17, 1862, George B. McClellan and
  his troops stopped the Confederate army from
  advancing on Washington, D.C.

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Antietam

• The Battle of Antietam proved to be one of the
  bloodiest single days in the war.
• Confederate casualties were about 13,700, while
  the Union lost about 12,400 men.
• Although McClellan protected the capital from
  Confederate forces, he allowed Lees army to
  escape to Virginia.

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Gettysburg

• July 1-3, 1863
• Turning point of war
• South loses and retreats
• The South never gets further North again.

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Chickamauga

• The Battle of Chickamauga took place September
  1820, 1863.
• Control of the railroad in nearby Chattanooga,
  Tennessee, was at stake.
• After three days of fighting, most of the Union
  forces retreated in disorder to Chattanooga.
• Casualties numbered more than 16,000 for the
  Union and more than 18,000 for the Confederates.

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Chickamauga

• It was the bloodiest battle fought in Georgia.
• The battle was considered a Confederate victory
  because Confederate forces pushed Union forces
  back to Chattanooga rather than letting them
  proceed into Georgia.
• Union forces captured Chattanooga which was the
  campaigns goal.

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Sept 1862
• All slaves in the Confederacy are now free
• Changed war to a war to free slaves
• Slaves are welcome to join Union army
• They could man forts, positions and stations

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Emancipation Proclamation

• 186,000 African Americans enlist
• 93,000 are from the south

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Georgia Supplies the Confederacy

• Farmer told to grow food instead of cotton
• Georgia has factories to make supplies
• GA called the heart of the south

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The Tide Turns

• South starts losing
• South had superior leadership
• May 1863, Gen Stonewall Jackson dies shot by
  his own troops on accident

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War Comes to GA

• Nov 1861, Union control Tybee Island
• April 1862, Union takes Fort Pulaski in Savannah
• ATL important military target because of Industry

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Shermans Atlanta Campaign

• Nov 16, 1864 Sherman began his March to the Sea
• Sherman divided his forces
• Attacked both military targets and private homes
• Destroy 100 million and resources
• Dec 21, 1864 Sherman captures Savannah
• 14,000 Africans join the march

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Andersonville

• Andersonville Prison In February 1864, the
  Confederates opened a prison camp to house Union
  soldiers.
• Andersonville Prison was located in Georgia and
  held the largest amount of prisons than any other
  camp at the time.
• During the Civil War, tens of thousands of Union
  soldiers were imprisoned there.
• Conditions were very bad.

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Andersonville

• Unhealthy sanitation conditions, malnutrition,
  and overcrowding led to mass amounts of
  casualties.
• Out of 45,000 men that were imprisoned at
  Andersonville, almost 13,000 died.
• Today, the prison is part of Andersonville
  National Historic Site, a memorial for all
  American prisoners of war.

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End of the War

• April 9, 1865 War ends at Appomattox Court House
• Gen Lee surrenders the south

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Summary

• What was the importance of key events of the
  Civil War? Include Antietam, Emancipation
  Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union
  blockade of Georgias coast, Shermans Atlanta
  Campaign, Shermans March to the Sea, and
  Andersonville.