Overview

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Overview

• Intro fact and fiction
• What is science?
• What Science is not
• Stereotypes
• Myths

• Assumptions of science
• Empricism
• Determinism
• parsimony
• Methods of Science
• Objectivity
• control
• Operational definition

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FACT AND FICTION?
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• How about a little more credibility!

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???
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Better?
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TRUTH AT LAST?
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• Credibility is good but
• It does not insure truth.
• SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth!

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Does Science Equal Truth?

• Jose Delgado

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A screening Process may be important!
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How do most Humans make their decisions about
truth?

• Tenacity
• Authority
• Intuition
• Logic and rationalism

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Most of us have difficulties seeing errors in our
thinking

• THE AXIOMS OF HUMAN BELIEF

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• Humans believe
• Humans believe their belief is correct

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AXIOMS

• When Challenged?

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How gullible are we?

• Did Clinton Inhale?
• Does nicotine cause addiction?

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AXIOMS

• Humans jump to conclusions.

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Axioms

• Simplify complex situations

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Axioms

• Resist deep consideration

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Axioms

• Vulnerable to perceptual and social illusion

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Axioms

• Infinite capacity to be.

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Axioms

• Difficulty identifying our own misconceptions.
• So What can we do?

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Recognize the problems

• We will not be able to approach truth without
  recognition of our limitations
• Devise mechanisms that help reduce these problems.

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SCIENCE

• What is Science?
• Science is NOT.

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STEREOTYPES OF SCIENCE?
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Nerds?
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So what is Science?

• METHOD!
• A set of principles of observation, measurement
  and control that seek to uncover objective
  reality.
• Self-correcting

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Assumptions of science

• Truth will be revealed over time with the
  Scientific Method
• Empiricism-consensual validation
• Determinism
• parsimony

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Overview of the Methods of Science

• Objectivity
• control
• Operational definition
• Probabilistic thinking
• Amorality

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Goals of Science

• Practicality
• Describe
• Predict
• Understand
• Control

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Characteristics of a Good Scientist?

• ?

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THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE

• Ideas
• Problem Formation
• Goal or Hypothesis
• Design
• Conduct/Collect
• Analysis
• Interpretation
• Report
• FEEDBACK

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IDEAS

• Common observation
• Logic
• Practical problems
• Intuition
• Theory

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IDEAS cont

• Theory
• Explains
• Simplifies
• Unifies
• interesting
• Testable/falsifiable

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Theory vs Observational approaches

• Deductive vs inductive reasoning
• Not truly separable
• Popular emphasis on deduction
• But.
• Descriptive vs Inferential (experimental)
  Research

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Descriptive vs Experimental Research

• Describing vs identifying causes
• Consider reactivity and control.

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Descriptive Research

• Poor or Less rigorous approaches
• Anecdotal observation
• Case study
• Systematic exploration

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Better approaches

• Archival research
• Where could we find meaningful records?

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• Naturalistic observation
• Naturalistic means unobtrusive
• Technology
• Distance observation
• Concealment
• Acclimatization/fade

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• Naturalistic observation with Intervention
• A standardized naturalistic event

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• Naturalistic Observation-participant observer

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THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE

• Ideas
• Problem Formation
• Goal or Hypothesis
• Design
• Conduct/Collect
• Analysis
• Interpretation
• Report
• FEEDBACK

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Which technique would you choose to studysay

• Human sexual intimacy?

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Psychological Phenomena that are

• Private
• Sensitive
• Rare
• internal

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SELF-REPORT approaches.SURVEYS

• What do we want to know
• Construction
• Questions
• responses
• Who do we want to know about
• -Administration
• sampling

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