Hydrogen Fuel Cells

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Hydrogen Fuel Cells April 5, 2004
Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MAPP, CEE Research
Associate Gund Institute, SNR Owner
InnEVations.com
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(No Transcript)
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ENERGY STORAGE
Performance of Energy Storage Systems Performance of Energy Storage Systems
Fuel Specific Energy Wh/kg
Gasoline 12,300
Natural gas 9,300
Hydrogen 33,000
Lead-acid battery 30
Advanced Lead Acid 48
GasolineC8H18
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ENERGY STORAGE
Performance of Advanced EV Battery Systems Performance of Advanced EV Battery Systems Performance of Advanced EV Battery Systems Performance of Advanced EV Battery Systems
Energy Density Wh/kg Power Density W/kg Life Cycles
Lead-acid battery 30 150 300
Advanced Lead Acid 48 150 800
GM Ovonic nickel metal hydride 70 220 gt600
SAFT nickel metal hydride 70 150 1,500
SAFT lithium ion 120 230 600
Lithium polymer 150 350 lt600
Evercel Nickel-zinc 60 255 500
Zinc-Air 160-220 low ?
Composite Flywheels 120
Supercapacitors
Source USABC and others
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LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
SOURCE ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.
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COMPOSITE FLYWHEELS
SOURCE ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.
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SUPERCAPACITORS
SOURCE ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.
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ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL
SOURCE ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.
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MECHANICAL RECHARGE
ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL
SOURCE METALLIC POWER.COM
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ENERGY DENSITY BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME
SOURCE ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.
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CARB DEFINITIONS
Passenger car emissions reduction HC CO NOx
TLEV- Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle 50 NR NR
LEV- Low-Emission Vehicle 70 NR 50
ULEV- Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (50 cleaner than the average new 2003 model year vehicle. ) 85 50 50
SULEV- Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (90 cleaner than 2003 average) 96 70 95
PZEV-Partial Zero-Emission-Vehicle 96 70 95
PZEV-Partial Zero-Emission-Vehicle SULEV 15 year/150K mile warranty and 0 evaporative emissions. SULEV 15 year/150K mile warranty and 0 evaporative emissions. SULEV 15 year/150K mile warranty and 0 evaporative emissions.
AT PZEV-Advanced Technology PZEV (CNG, hybrid-electric, methanol, fuel cell) 96 70 95
AT PZEV-Advanced Technology PZEV (CNG, hybrid-electric, methanol, fuel cell) PZEV and include advanced technology components. PZEV and include advanced technology components. PZEV and include advanced technology components.
ZEV-Zero-Emission Vehicles (98 cleaner than the average new 2003 model year vehicle.) 100 100 100
CLEANER
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What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle?
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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-2004 FORD
The Ford Focus FCV fuel cell system is
efficient, quiet, and produces zero emissions.
Ford has announced plans to have a three year
demonstration program of 5-10 fleet vehicles in
Vancouver, Canada in 2004.
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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-2003 Honda
Honda is delivering a family of new FCX
fuel-cell vehicles to its first customer, the
city of Los Angeles. Honda plans to lease
approximately 30 fuel-cell cars in California and
Japan during the next several years. The
fuel-cell itself is propelled by electricity
generated by a hydrogen-oxygen chemical
reactionand its only emission, remarkably, is
water vapor.

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-2003 TOYOTA
(NOT AVAILABLE)
Its only exhaust is water vapor. Its secret? A
hydrogen fuel cell that harnesses the electricity
of separated atoms and molecules as they strive
to be electrically balanced. Developed entirely
in-house, FCHV-4 shows Toyota on the leading edge
of fuel-cell technology.

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-NISSAN
X-TRAIL FCV Nissan is actively developing fuel
cell vehicles (FCVs) that have low environmental
impact and save energy. Commercialization is
scheduled for 2003.(?????)

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-GM
PROTOTYPE
The Hy-wire has no internal combustion engine,
instrument panel, brake or accelerator pedals
but it does have ample power supplied by a GM
fuel cell that runs on hydrogen.

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-DAIM/CHRYSLER

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-DAIM/CHRYSLER

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FUEL CELL VEHICLES-HYUNDAI

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HYDROGEN FUEL CELL OPERATION
SOURCE Schatz Energy Lab Humboldt State U.
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PEM HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
SOURCE Schatz Energy Lab Humboldt State U.
PEM Proton Exchange Membrane (Nafiontm)
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SOME SURPRISING FACTS ABOUT HYDROGEN
Q1) IS HYDROGEN A revolutionary NEW ENERGY SOURCE?
Where does hydrogen come from? Fossil nat gas,
propane, gasoline, methanol Renewable electric
wind, solar, etc. electrolyze water Methane
(CH4), methanol(CH3OH), ammonia(NH3?)
A) HYDROGEN STORES TRANSPORTS ENERGY. A
CARRIER NOT A SOURCE.
Q2) WHICH IS MORE EFFICIENT, FUEL CELL OR
BATTERIES?
A) BATTERIES
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H2 Fuel Cell Efficiency
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE oil (gasoline) -gt IC
engine 15
BATTERY POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE Oil-gt power
plant -gt electricity 45 transmission80 batte
ry charging 80 electric drive system
80 .45 x .8 x .8 x .8 23
FUEL CELL POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE Oil-gt power
plant-gt electricity45 electricity transmission
80 H2 electrolyzer max efficiency 70 H2
fuel cell max efficiency 50 Electric drive
system 80 .45 x .8 x .7 x .5 x .8 10
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SOLAR FUEL CELLS ?
SOURCE Schatz Energy Lab Humboldt State U.
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