Review Quarter 3

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Review Quarter 3
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Ecology
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Terms

• Punctuated equilibrium In the fossil record,
  long periods of apparent stasis (equilibrium), in
  which a species undergoes little or no
  morphological change, interrupted by relatively
  brief periods of sudden change.
• Epiphytic plant a plant that nourishes itself
  but grows on the surface of another plant for
  support (often on trunks of tropic plants)

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Terms

• Ecological niche sum total of an organisms use
  of biotic and abiotic resources as it fits into
  an ecosystem
• Fundamental niche resources a population is
  capable of using

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Terms contd

• Realized niche resources a population actually
  does use
• Limiting factor - something needed for
  productivity (like water, O2 or CO2 for plants)
• Resource partitioning different niches allow
  similar species to coexist in community

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Terms contd

• Dominant species - one in community that has the
  most biomass
• Biomass - sum weight of all individuals in
  population
• Keystone species - not abundant but has control
  by role not numbers i.e.. sea star pg. 1184

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Terms contd

• Carrying capacity maximum amount that can live
  there without harming the species
• Logistic growth population growth that levels
  off as population reaches carrying capacity

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Terms contd

• K selected population - a population living at
  or near its carrying capacity
• - Produces relatively few offspring that
  have a good chance for survival.
• - Long life, low mortality rate (death
  rate)

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Terms contd

• R- selected population - a population where
  densities fluctuate with little competition.
• - short life span, high mortality rate ie.
  dandelions

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Terms contd

• Altruism behavior puts the needs of the
  population before itself
• Kin selection needs of family come first

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Exponential population growth

• Aka Geometric population growth
• Population increase under ideal conditions

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Fig. 53-10
2,000
dN
1.0N

dt
1,500
dN
0.5N

dt
Population size (N)
1,000
500
0
0
5
10
15
Number of generations
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Fig. 53-11
8,000
6,000
Elephant population
4,000
2,000
0
1920
1940
1960
1980
1900
Year
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Exponential growth graph

• J-shape is characteristic of populations that are
  introduced into a new environment or whose
  numbers have been drastically reduced by a
  catastrophic event and they are now rebounding.

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Fig. 53-12
Exponential growth
2,000
dN
1.0N

dt
1,500
K 1,500
Population size (N)
Logistic growth
1,000
1,500 N
dN
1.0N

1,500
dt
500
0
0
5
10
15
Number of generations
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Which of the following could cause a realized
niche to differ from a fundamental niche?

• a. suitable habitat
• b. food size and availability
• c. temperature limitations
• d. water availability
• e. competition from other species.

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Which of the following could cause a realized
niche to differ from a fundamental niche?

• a. suitable habitat
• b. food size and availability
• c. temperature limitations
• d. water availability
• e. competition from other species.

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Which of the following species interaction is
INCORRECTLY paired to its effects on the
density of the two interacting populations?

• a. predation one increases, one decreases
• b. parasitism one increases, one decreases
• c. commensalisms both increase
• d. mutualism both increase
• e. competition both decrease

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Which of the following species interaction is
INCORRECTLY paired to its effects on the
density of the two interacting populations?

• a. predation one increases, one decreases
• b. parasitism one increases, one decreases
• c. commensalisms both increase
• d. mutualism both increase
• e. competition both decrease

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Evolution

• Origin of Life

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In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, the frequency of the allele "a"
is 0.3. What is the percentage of the population
that is homozygous for this allele?

• a. 3
• b. 9
• c. 21
• d. 30
• e. 42

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In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, the frequency of the allele "a"
is 0.3. What is the percentage of the population
that is homozygous for this allele?

• a. 3
• b. 9
• c. 21
• d. 30
• e. 42

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Animals
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