Title: The Union in Crisis Chapter 10
1The Union in CrisisChapter 10
- How did the nations expansion lead to the Civil
War?
2Slavery, States Rights, and Western Expansion
- Section 1
- How did Congress try to resolve the dispute
between North and South over slavery? - Vocabulary
- Wilmot Proviso secede
- Free-Soil Party Compromise of 1850
- popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Act
3Two Nations
- North and South were divided by slavery
- North believed slavery was wrong based on
religion - South believed that whites and African Americans
were not equal and attacked uncaring northern
industrialists who took no personal
responsibility for their workers - Wilmot Proviso seeks to limit slavery in the
territories gained in the Mexican-American War.
Passed by the House of Representatives, but
rejected by the Senate
4Northern Views of Slavery
- Laws in the North severely limited the rights of
free African Americans - Abolitionists wanted slavery to end
- Some white northern bankers, mill owners, and
merchants favored slavery - Some northern workers feared that freed slaves
would take their jobs
5Southern Views of Slavery
- Slavery was a part of southern life
- Many southerners felt that slavery was good
- Many argued that slavery was more kind than the
northern system of free labor - Southerners believed that slaves were healthier
and happier
6Historians
- Recent historians emphasize the differences
between the regions, racial groups, and social
classes - Some kind of major conflict was bound to occur
- Question Could the politicians have avoided the
Civil War?
7Election of 1848
- Free-Soil Party supported the Wilmot Proviso to
keep new western territories free of slavery - Nominated Martin Van Buren
- Popular sovereignty policy that voters in a
territory would decide whether or not to allow
slavery both the Democratic Party and the Whigs
support popular sovereignty
8Election of 1848
- Democrats Lewis Cass
- Whigs Zachary Taylor
- Free Soil Party Martin Van Buren
- Van Buren took votes away from Cass to give
Taylor the victory - Taylor died in 1850 Millard Fillmore, the Vice
President, takes office
9 Compromise of 1850
- Question What were the effects of the Missouri
Compromise, and how did the Compromise of 1850
try to deal with them? - Kept the balance between slave and free states in
the Senate free states only north of 36º 30 N
latitude - Henry Clay of Kentucky proposes a compromise to
admit California as a free state - John C. Calhoun of SC against compromise
- Daniel Webster of Massachusetts for compromise
10Chart Clays Compromise of 1850
Clays Compromise of 1850
CHART
11Note Taking Reading Skill Categorize
Reading Skill Categorize
NOTE TAKING
12(No Transcript)
13 A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence
Section 2
- How did the Fugitive Slave Act and the
Kansas-Nebraska Act increase tensions between the
North and the South? - Vocabulary
- personal liberty laws
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Underground Railroad
- John Brown
- Harriet Tubman
- Bleeding Kansas
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
14Note Taking Reading Skill Understand Effects
Reading Skill Understand Effects
NOTE TAKING
15Underground Railroad
- Known as the Black Moses
- Guided hundreds of slaves to freedom
- Large reward on her head, but never captured
16Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Stephen Douglas of Illinois wanted to run for
President - Act supported popular sovereignty for area
- Passed but made North angry in effect, Congress
repealed the Missouri Compromise since Kansas and
Nebraska were above the 36º 30 N latitude
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18Note Taking Reading Skill Understand Effects
Reading Skill Understand Effects
NOTE TAKING
19Violence Begins
- Free soilers 1,200 New Englanders sent to Kansas
to fight against slavery - Proslavery settlers opposed them
- Kansas had an antislavery capital at Topeka and a
proslavery capital at Lecompton - 1856, open violence erupted
- Bleeding Kansas
20Transparency Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
TRANSPARENCY
21Bleeding Kansas
- John Brown Following a raid in Lawrence by a
proslavery group, he and his followers killed
five proslavery men along the Pottawatomie Creek - Summer of murder and raids
22Lecompton Constitution
- Proslavery group wrote a proslavery constitution
for Kansas called the Lecompton constitution - Buchanan accepted it, but Congress returned it.
- Defeated by Kansas people the second time
23Senate Violence
- Senator Charles Sumner, a Republican, gave a
speech that attacked Southerners for forcing
slavery on Kansas and insulted Senator Andrew
Butler of SC - Preston Brooks, a member of the House beat him
with his cane - Sumner lived but never recovered added to hatred
24Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Uncle Toms Cabin Eliza Harris, a slave, escapes
when her child is to be sold - As Eliza heads north, she eludes the slave
catchers - Uncle Tom is sold and is killed by his brutal
master, Simon Legree, a Northerner - Book had a powerful effect North became
convinced that slavery would ruin the U.S. South
believed it was a book of insulting lies.
25Transparency The Slavery Issue
The Slavery Issue
TRANSPARENCY
26Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis Section
3
- What developments deepened the divisions between
North and South? - Vocabulary
- Know-Nothings Abraham Lincoln
- Republican Party Stephen A. Douglas
- Dred Scott Harpers Ferry
- Roger B. Taney
27Shifting Political Scene
- Whig Party disintegrates divided over the
issues nominated Winfield Scott in 1852 - Know-Nothings nativists will become American
Party divided over issues
28Republican Party
- 1854, dedicated to stopping Slave Power
- Declared slavery a great moral evil
- Demanded repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and
Fugitive Slave Act - Comprised of antislavery Democrats, Whigs, and
Free Soilers from North - Farmers, professionals, small business owners,
craftworkers joined
29Election of 1856
- Democrats nominated James Buchanan
- Republicans nominated John C. Frémont
- Know-Nothings chose Millard Fillmore
- Buchanan won the election
- He hoped that the Supreme Court would resolve the
slavery issue
30Scott v. Sandford
- The Dred Scott Decision 1857
- Scott v. Sandford
- Scott sued his owner
- Said that he and his wife were taken to states
and territories where slavery was illegal and
therefore should be free
31Ruling
- The Court, under Chief Justice Roger B. Taney,
ruled 7 to 2 against Scott - Slaves are property, not citizens, and cannot sue
in court - Scott not free due to being in free area
- Missouri Compromise ruled unconstitutional.
Slaves were considered property of their owners
and Congress could not deprive people of their
property without due process of law according to
the Fifth Amendment. - Antislavery forces were disgusted
32Lincoln-Douglas Debates
- Campaigning for Senate seat from Illinois in 1858
- Series of seven debates on the issue of slavery
in the territories. - Physical contrast in the men was striking
- Douglas wins election
33Abraham Lincoln
- Studied law and worked at various jobs
- Served in the Congress in the 1840s
- Believed that the majority could not deny the
minority their rights - Foresaw confrontation
- A house divided against itself cannot stand. I
believe this government cannot endure,
permanently half slave and half free. I do not
expect the Union to be dissolvedI do not expect
the house to fallbut I do expect it will cease
to be divided. It will become all one thing, or
all the other.
34Senator Douglas
- Short, stout known as the Little Giant
- Believed that the majority of people could do
anything they wished, even make slavery legal - Lincoln gets national attention, although Douglas
won the Senate election
35Lincoln-Douglas Debates1858 Illinois Senate Race
- Stephen Douglas
- Agreed with Dred Scott decision on legal grounds
- Freeport Doctrine says people can vote slavery
down by popular sovereignty
- Abraham Lincoln
- Disagreed with Dred Scott decision (How can we
have popular sovereignty if case is accepted?) - Believed slavery should not be allowed to spread
to the territories
36John Browns Raid
- 1859, Brown and his men attacked the federal
arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia he hoped to
seize weapons and give them to slaves - Wanted a slave uprising
- Colonel Robert E. Lee leads troops Brown is
executed. - Northerners saw him as a martyr his raid
deepened the divide between the North and South
37Note Taking Reading Skill Sequence
Reading Skill Sequence
NOTE TAKING
38Chart American Political Parties During the 1850s
American Political Parties During the 1850s
CHART
39Lincoln, Secession, and WarSection 4
- How did the Union finally collapse into a civil
war? - Vocabulary
- Jefferson Davis
- Crittenden Compromise
- John C. Breckinridge
- Fort Sumter
- Confederate States of America
40The Election of 1860
- In April 1860, Democratic Party split into North
and South factions - In Border States, the Constitutional Union party
forms from Whigs and American party (Know
Nothing)
41Chart The Candidates for President
The Candidates for President
CHART
42Candidates
- Southern Democrats John C. Breckinrigde
- Northern Democrats Stephen Douglas, Illinois
- Constitutional Unionist party John Bell,
Tennessee - Republican party Abraham Lincoln, Illinois
- Lincoln wins with 39 of the vote and 180
electoral votes sectional victory
43Lower South Secedes
- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, and South Carolina - Secessionists those who wanted the South to
secede
44Confederate States of America
- South Carolina seceded December 20, 1860
- In February 1861, the seven states created the
Confederacy and elected Jefferson Davis as
President
45War Starts
- Lincoln takes office on March 4, 1861
- Vows to enforce the laws of the U.S. and to
preserve, protect, and defend the government
46Fort Sumter
- Fort under the command of Major Robert Anderson
- Running out of supplies
- April 12 General P.G.T. Beauregard fires on the
fort - Anderson surrenders
47Upper South
- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
joined the Confederacy - Border States stay neutral
- The Civil War begins
48(No Transcript)
49Political Cartoons The Nation Divided
Political Cartoons The Nation Divided
TRANSPARENCY
50Transparency Forming the Confederacy
Forming the Confederacy
TRANSPARENCY
51Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Causes and
Effects
Reading Skill Identify Causes and Effects
NOTE TAKING