Neuron and Neuroglia

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Neuron and Neuroglia
Neuroglia Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Microglia Epen
dymal cell Schwann cell
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1. monoamine neurotransmitters
catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine indoleamines 5-HT(serotonin)
acetylcholine 2. amino acid neurotransmitters
excitatory L-glutamate, L-aspartate
inhibitory GABA, glycine 3. neuropeptides
(neuromodulators) 4. new neurotransmitters
ATP, NO, eicosanoids, etc.
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?????? pituitary peptides ACTH, alpha-MSH,
lipotropin, TSH, GH,

prolactin, oxytosin, vasopressin
hypothalamic peptides CRF, TRH, LHRH,
somatostatin gut peptides CCK, gastrin,
substance P, VIP opioid peptides dynorphin,
beta-endorphine, enkephalins circulating peptides
angiotensin, calcitonin, glucagon miscellanous
bladykinin, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin,

bombesin,etc.

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OH
CH3
OH
C-C- NH2
OH
N
C C NH2
OH
Indoleamine serotonin
Catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine
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MAO COMT
HVA MHPG VMA
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tryptophan hydroxylase AADC
MAO
5-HIAA
N-acetyl- transferase
N-acetyl-serotonin melatonin
HIOMT
HIOMT hydroxy-indole-o-methyltransferase
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Choline
Acetyl-CoA
CAT
Acetylcholine
AChE
CoA
Choline
Acetate
CAT Choline-acetyl-transferase AChE
acetylcholine esterase
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???? ?????? Excitatory amino acids EAAs
L-glutamate
L-aspartate Inhibitory amino acids IAAs
GABA Glycine
(?) Neutral amino acids others
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Glutamine
GABA neuron
GABA? Glutamate
Glial cell
Glutamic acid GAD GABA
Glutamic acid
TCA cycle
GABA-T
GABA
GABA
Succinic semialdehyde
Krebs cycle
Succinate
GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase GABA-T GABA
transaminase
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Dopamine
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Norepinephrine
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5-HT
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Acetylcholine
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??? reuptake
Neurotranmitter Transporters ?????? ???
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Nicotinic receptor
GABAA receptor
Cl-

benzodiazepine

GABA
5 subunits 4 TMDs each

Fig 10. Ligand-gated ion channels
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neurotrophin family
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neurotrophin family
neurotrophin family
neurotrophin family
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Tyrosine Kinase
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