Energy Basics

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Energy Basics
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Energy

• The ability to do work or cause change
• Either potential or kinetic

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Potential Energy

• Energy that is stored. The snow on the mountain
  top represents potential energy.

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Potential Energy

• Potential energy is highest when the object is at
  a higher point, like this roller coaster on the
  top of a hill. The higher the hill the greater
  the potential energy.

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What is Mechanical Energy?

• Energy due to a objects motion (kinetic) or
  position (potential).
• The bowling ball has mechanical energy.
• When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy
  is transferred to the pins!

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Potential Energy

• The more mass something has the greater its
  potential energy. In the picture below the man
  holding the weight above his head is holding a
  lot of potential energy.

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Kinetic Energy

• The energy of motion

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Kinetic Energy

• The faster the motion the greater the kinetic
  energy. When the roller coaster starts down the
  hill it has kinetic energy. The point where the
  car is going the fastest is where the kinetic
  energy is the greatest.

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Forms of Energy

• Energy can be found in many forms
• Can be converted from one form or another
• Conversion can be both man made and a natural
  process
• Forms include chemical, thermal, elastic,
  radiant, mechanical and nuclear.

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What is ElectromagneticEnergy?

• Light energy
• Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays,
  ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays,
  microwave and radio bands

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QUIZ TIME!

• What energy transformation occurs when an
  electric lamp is turned on?
• ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• ?
• ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

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QUIZ TIME!

• What type of energy cooks food in a microwave
  oven?
• ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
• What type of energy is the spinning plate inside
  of a microwave oven?
• MECHANICAL ENERGY

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Chemical Energy

• Stored in chemical bonds holding the atoms of
  compounds together
• Food, wood, batteries, fossil fuels

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Chemical Energy

• When a chemical reaction takes place energy is
  used.
• If energy is pulled in from the surrounding area
  during a chemical reaction, the area gets cold
  and the reaction is endothermic.
• Commercial ice packs for injuries work this way.

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Chemical Energy

• Plants can make their own energy through a
  process called photosynthesis. They are the bases
  for a food chain. All other living things that
  cannot carry on photosynthesis depend on plants
  for their energy.

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Energy Transformation

• In photosynthesis radiant or light energy from
  the sun is changed to chemical energy in the leaf.

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Chemical Energy

• Other living things can get energy from eating
  plants or eating things that eat plants.

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Chemical Energy

• The energy we eat is stored as potential chemical
  energy until we need it. When we use the energy
  through an activity then it becomes kinetic
  mechanical energy.

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What type of energy is shown below?

• Chemical Energy

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What type of energy is shown below?

• Chemical Energy (yummy)

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Electrical Energy

• Energy of moving electrons
• Invisible but most useful
• form

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Energy Transformation

• Electrical energy can come from many different
  sources. The sources can be solar, nuclear,
  mechanical or generally chemical. In Texas most
  of the electricity comes from the burning of
  coal. The energy transformation that takes place
  would be
• Coal (chemical)-gtmoving turbines
  (mechanical)-gtmoving electrons (electrical)-gt our
  homes

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Mechanical Energy

• Most familiar-involved with moving objects atoms
  are moving and pushing each other
• Sound is an example-occurs when atoms in a media
  vibrate in a direction outward from the sound
  source. Sometimes, sound is classified as its own
  energy source.

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Mechanical Energy

• When we move or work we are using mechanical
  energy.

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Examples of Mechanical Energy
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What types of energy are shown below?

• Mechanical and Thermal Energy
• (Dont forget friction)

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Energy Transformations

• Automobiles use chemical energy (fossil fuels)
  which is converted to mechanical energy when they
  move.

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Radiant or Light Energy

• Produced when atoms absorb energy from an outside
  source and release energy as electromagnetic
  radiation
• Most are invisible except for visible light
• UV rays, X-rays, radio waves

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Radiant or Light Energy

• Our ultimate energy source is radiant energy from
  the sun.

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Radiant or Light Energy

• In a light stick you have chemical energy stored
  in the vial. When you bend the stick and break it
  then light energy is released.

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Radiant or Light Energy

• We use light energy in our homes.
• Many people have switched to compact fluorescent
  light bulbs over other light bulbs (incandescent)
  because they do not put out as much heat (thermal
  energy). The compact florescent bulbs are more
  energy efficient so they help in energy
  conservation.

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Thermal Energy

• Volcanoes can be a natural source of thermal
  energy. When we use the heat of the earth it is
  called geothermal energy.

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What type of energy is shown below?

• Thermal Energy

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Elastic Energy

• Energy stored in a solid object when it is either
  stretched or compressed.
• A stretched rubber band, compressed spring or
  jack-in-the-box

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QUIZ TIME!

• Electrical energy is transported to your house
  through power lines.
• When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet,
  electrical energy is transform into what type of
  energy?
• MECHANICAL ENERGY

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What types of energy are shown below?

• Electrical, Mechanical and
• Electromagnetic Energy

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Nuclear Energy

• Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms
• Released by fission, the splitting of nuclei of
  heavy atoms
• Released by fusion-the combining of nuclei of
  light atoms

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Nuclear Energy

• When the energy released from the splitting of an
  atom was discovered this made the equation make
  sense. There is an infinite amount of power in
  nuclear energy. This is what powers stars like
  our sun. Hydrogen is turned into helium. This
  process will continue until our sun runs out of
  hydrogen. This will be in about 4 billion years.

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Nuclear Energy

• We are trying to harvest the power of the atom
  when we use nuclear energy.

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• Transformation of energy
• According to this model, energy takes on
  different forms, for example chemical, heat,
  light, etc. Energy is transformed or changed from
  one form or type to another when a change occurs.
• Typical use of language
• The chemical energy in the battery is
  transformed into electrical
• energy in the wires and then to light and
  heat energy in the bulb.
• The light energy from the Sun is changed into
  chemical energy
• in the leaf.
• Chemical energy in the reaction is changed
  into light and heat.
• The chemical energy in the weightlifters
  muscles is changed into
• kinetic energy when the bar is being lifted
  and is changed into
• potential energy at the top of the lift.

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• Energy transfer
• In this model the energy is located in one place,
  and when something happens energy is transferred
  from that place to another by a process.
• Typical use of language
• The energy in the battery is transferred to
  the bulb by electricity and
• then from the bulb to the surroundings by
  light. Some energy is
• transferred to the surroundings by heating.
• Energy from the Sun is transferred to the
  leaf cells by light.
• Energy is transferred from the reacting
  chemicals to the
• surroundings by heating and light.
• A weightlifter transfers energy from his
  muscles to the bar by lifting (moving) his arms.

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Energy transformation
Light
Electrical
Heat
Chemical
Energy transfer
Light
Surroundings
Electric current
Heating
Cell
Bulb
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• Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy
  transformations in a car from starting vehicle to
  driving. You should have 5 different types of
  energy.

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Energy Transfer
Sound (mechanical)
Electrical
Thermal
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Electrical
Light (Electromagnetic)