HURRICANES

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HURRICANES GCSE Presentation Climate,
Environment and People
Miss Parson Allerton Grange School
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Hurricane Hurricanes are cyclones of tropical
origin with wind speeds of at least 118
kilometres per hour. A hurricane is a large,
rotating storm, where the winds move around a
relatively calm centre called the eye. These
storms are known as typhoons in the western
Pacific, cyclones in the Indian Ocean, and
baguios in the Philippines. Each storm usually
has a life span of several days.
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EYE
EYE WALL
RAINBANDS
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Fantastic demonstration of how a Cyclone develops
!!
http//news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4020000/n
ewsid_4022100/4022129.stm
You should now understand the conditions in which
a cyclone will form. Use the animation to help
you describe how the Hurricane develops
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Descending dry air
Centre of storm, calm, clear sky
Torrential rain, thunder, lightning
Clouds form, cumulus and cumulonimbus
Spiralling rain bands
Trade winds
Converging warm moist air
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Global Distribution and Regional Names

• Note down the four areas shown and the regional
  names, mark them on the map
• USA hurricanes
• India / East Coast Africa / Australia Tropical
  cyclones
• Asia Typhoons

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Whats required for the hurricane to form
? Hurricanes form over tropical waters (between
8 and 20 latitude) in areas of high humidity,
light winds, and warm sea surface temperatures
(typically 26.5C 80F or greater). Cyclone
"season" in the northern hemisphere runs from
June through November. They occur at a location
at least 5 North or South of the Equator.
Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn. There has to be an ocean depth of
at least 70m, this moisture provides the Latent
Heat released by condensation which drives the
system (like the fuel in a car!!)
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EFFECTS
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Hurricane Hazards !!
Often exceeds 150km per hour, have been known to
reach over 300 km per hour. Can winds can bring
about the collapse of buildings, cause structural
damage to roads and bridges, bring down
transmission lines and devastate agricultural
areas
WIND
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Hurricane Hazards !!
Often over 100mm per day, causes severe flooding
and landslides. High relief can exaggerate
already high rainfall figures and totals in
access of 500-700mm per day
HEAVY RAIN
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Hurricane Hazards !!
STORM SURGES
Storm surges result form the piling up of wind
driven rains and the ocean heaving up under
reduced pressure. These can flood low-lying
coastal areas. Storm surges cause most of the
deaths that result from tropical cyclones
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CASE STUDY effects on a LEDC
HURRICANE MITCH
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Hurricane MitchDate 27 October 1998, Central
AmericaDead 19,000Homeless 2.7mDamage
5.4bn What happened Hurricane Mitch, one of
the most deadly Atlantic storms in history, tore
across central America causing flooding and
landslides. Nicaragua and Honduras bore the
brunt. Development in some countries was set back
by decades. Response Although forecasters had
predicted the hurricane, the West only responded
after the event. It took a week for large-scale
food aid to arrive. Reports from Nicaragua said
people were clinging to treetops for days after
the rains had stopped. International debt
repayments were suspended and the US put together
a multi-million dollar aid package. Former
President George Bush stressed it was in
Americas interest to help in order to prevent a
huge tide of economic migrants heading for the
US. Verdict The initial response from the West
was slow - major aid from the US did not arrive
in Honduras until 8 November. Aid agencies said
the effectiveness of aid was undermined by
crippling debt repayments. Central American
countries admitted environmental degradation had
exacerbated the disaster.
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Think about the effects. Social, environmental
and economical ?
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Note down as many effects you can think of
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Good websites to find out more about Hurricane
Mitch
http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/210851.stm
Special reports, eye witness accounts, coping
with the damage, the damage, the background
http//www.metoffice.gov.uk/sec2/sec2cyclone/tcbul
letins/mitch.html
Fact sheets, images, the costs
http//www.georesources.co.uk/mitchstoryks5.htm
Track the Hurricane, the effects make sure you
go to Alevel section
http//www.hurricaneville.com/mitch.html
Formation, aftermath
http//www.osei.noaa.gov/mitch.html
Special coverage, imagery
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Hurricane Katrina
Case - study
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Looting occurred when everyone evacuated the city
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Good websites to find out more about Hurricane
Katrina
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
Comprehensive coverage of the Hurricane
http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/americas/2005/
hurricane_katrina/default.stm
Excellent animations, looks at causes, effects
and responses
http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2005/katrina/
Summarises impacts, look at the bottom of the
page, rebuilding, people, rescue and relief,
storm and flood.
http//www.nola.com/hurricane/photos/
Photo images
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Management

• MEDCs
• More investment
• Planning systems
• Sophisticated warning systems
• Better defences
• Comprehensive emergency services
• Well prepared

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Re do diagram slide 5, 11

• http//www.flickr.com/photos/48135670_at_N00/97951579
  / - slide 1,3
• http//www.flickr.com/photos/74052799_at_N00/54368363
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/himawan_dari__berokan
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/nsaum/2851762532/ -
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/74052799_at_N00/54368363
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/etiennescattaneunaltr
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/fujr/1476169408/ -
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/andrew_clough/9693028
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/brightblightcafe/5268
  53639/in/photostream/ - slide 14
• http//www.flickr.com/photos/searchdog/2399340848/
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/glo_pix/23034538/ -
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/searchdog/2398524469/
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/searchdog/2398530523/
  in/photostream/ -slide 15
• http//www.flickr.com/photos/searchdog/2399348802/
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/brightblightcafe/5267
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/searchdog/2398531039/
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/tingmen/39035502/ -
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/nika7k/38300634/ -
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• http//www.flickr.com/photos/yerffej9/98388080/ -
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