Regional and National Growth

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Regional and National Growth

• Mr. Stikes

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• SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of
  economic growth, its regional and national impact
  in the first half of the 19th century, and the
  different responses to it.
• a. Explain the impact of the Industrial
  Revolution as seen in Eli Whitneys invention of
  the cotton gin and his development of
  interchangeable parts for muskets.
• b. Describe the westward growth of the United
  States include the emerging concept of Manifest
  Destiny.
• c. Describe reform movements, specifically
  temperance, abolitionism, and public school.
• d. Explain womens efforts to gain suffrage
  include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca
  Falls Conference.
• e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding
  suffrage, the rise of popular political culture,
  and the development of American nationalism.

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The Industrial Revolution in
America

• a. Explain the impact of the Industrial
  Revolution as seen in Eli Whitneys invention of
  the cotton gin and his development of
  interchangeable parts for muskets.

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Industrial Revolution in the U.S.

• British Origins
• Protected trade secrets
• Samuel Slater (1768-1835)
• Brought technology to America
• Rise of the Factory System

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Eli Whitney (1765-1825)

• American Inventor
• Know for
• Cotton Gin
• Interchangeable parts

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Cotton Gin

• Mechanical device that removes seeds from cotton

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Cotton Gin

• Cotton production increased

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Interchangeable Parts

• Parts are identical
• Allows parts from one machine to be replaced by
  parts from another
• Eli Whitney
• Government contract for rifles
• Did not deliver Why?

"American System of Manufacturing"
DID YOU KNOW Interchangeability was probably
developed by French gunsmith Honoré Blanc around
1790.
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Manifest Destiny

• b. Describe the westward growth of the United
  States include the emerging concept of Manifest
  Destiny.

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Westward Growth of the U.S.
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U.S. Expansion

• Into Florida
• Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) acquired from Spain
• Into the West
• Texas (1845) Republic of Texas annexed
• Oregon Territory (1846) border settled w/
  Britain
• Southwest (1848 1856) Ceded from Mexico

Interactive Map
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Texas

• Originally owned by Mexico
• Independence from Mexico 1835
• Annexed by U.S. 1845
• Major Figures/Events
• Sam Houston
• Stephen Austin
• Santa Anna
• Alamo

Texan leader/ 1st Texan Pres.
Large landowner, organized independence movement
Mexican dictator/Pres
Battle, in San Antonio, all Texans dead
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Manifest Destiny

• Belief that Americas destiny was to control all
  of North America
• Purpose To spread
• Christianity
• Civilization
• Technology
• Democracy

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(No Transcript)
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Reform Movements

• c. Describe reform movements, specifically
  temperance, abolitionism, and public school.

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Re
form
To Form Again

• What is reform?
• Examples of reform movements
• Against use of alcohol
• Against slavery
• For womens right to vote

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Temperance

• Social movement
• Goal
• Ban consumption of alcoholic beverages

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Temperance

• Major Temperance Organizations
• American Temperance Society
• Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

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• The multitude, with few exceptions, drank rum.
  Ministers drank, churchmen drank, men drank,
  women drank and children too. Every merchant
  sold it. It was a leading article of tradecrops
  could not be gotten in, or out, or off the field
  without it. It was as necessary for mechanical
  business, as water power, or tools. No marriage
  vows were complete without it, and no funeral
  party could mourn if it were wanting, it was as
  necessary to bury the dead, as a coffin, or a
  shroud. No favored parent, could rejoice over a
  new born babe, without plenty to drink. No
  building could be raised but by rum. It was an
  absolute necessityat parties of all kindsthe
  sweetener of social intercourse

Autobiography of Charles Harding, 1869.
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Abolitionism

• Social movement
• Goal
• Ban slavery
• Major Figures
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Frederick Douglass
• Lyman Beecher

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William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879)

• Abolitionist leader
• Advocated violence to end slavery
• Started The Liberator, a famous abolitionist
  newspaper

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• Assenting to the "self-evident truth" maintained
  in the American Declaration of Independence,
  "that all men are created equal, and endowed by
  their Creator with certain inalienable rights --
  among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of
  happiness," I shall strenuously contend for the
  immediate enfranchisement of our slave
  population. 

Inaugural Editorial from William Lloyd Garrisons
The Liberator, 1 January 1831
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Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

• Abolitionist leader
• Freed slave
• Worked for William Lloyd Garrison
• Garrison too militant
• Started new newspaper North Star

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Lyman Beecher (1775-1863)

• Abolitionist leader
• Preacher
• Father of Harriet Beecher Stowe

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Public Schools

• Social movement
• Goal
• Provide free education to all
• Major Figures
• Horace Mann

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Horace Mann (1796-1859)
father of American public schools

• Educational reformer
• 1st Massachusetts Secretary for the State Board
  of Education
• Ideas
• Basic education should be free
• The government should pay, not individual
  students
• Free public libraries should be found throughout
  the country
• Teachers should be well trained

Education as a right, not privilege
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• Educationwill draw property after it by the
  strongest of all attractions Education then,
  beyond all other devices of human origin, is a
  great equalizer of the conditions of men, - the
  balance wheel of the social machineryan ignorant
  man is but a little better than a swine

Horace Mann, Twelfth Annual Report of Horace Mann
as Secretary of Massachusetts State Board of
Education, reprinted in H.S. Commanger, Documents
of American History (1943) p. 315-317.
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Womens Rights

• d. Explain womens efforts to gain suffrage
  include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca
  Falls Conference.

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Suffrage
Literally means "right to vote"

• Social movement
• Goal
• Provide women with the right to vote

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Womens Suffrage

• Reform movement
• Goal Provide women with equal rights
• Why start with the right to vote?

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902)

• Leader in abolition and temperance movements
• Helped organize Seneca Falls Conference in 1848
• Wrote their Declaration of Sentiments
• Helped found the National Woman Suffrage
  Association

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Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

• Leader of womens suffrage movement
• Why was voting so
  important?
• Helped found the
  National Woman
  Suffrage Association

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Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)

• Early leader of Womens Suffrage movement
• Also active in abolitionism
• Quaker
• Believed in equality
• Gave opening and closing address at Seneca Falls
  Conference

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Seneca Falls Conference (July 19-20,
1848)

• Meeting in Seneca Falls, New York
• Major Accomplishment
• Declaration of Sentiments
• Leaders
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Lucretia Mott

18 "injuries and usurpations on the part of man
toward woman."
"all men and women had been created equal"
DID YOU KNOW Frederick Douglass, a freed slave
and abolition advocate, also attended this
meeting. He was the editor of a newspaper, the
Rochester North Star
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Jacksonian Democracy

• e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding
  suffrage, the rise of popular political culture,
  and the development of American nationalism.

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Election of 1824

• All men who ran were
  Democratic-Republicans
• Split along regional lines
• William Crawford (GA)
• John C. Calhoun (SC)
• John Quincy Adams (MA)
• Henry Clay (KY)
• Andrew Jackson (TN)

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Election of 1824

• Corrupt Bargain
• No candidate won majority of electoral votes
• House of Representatives elected John Quincy
  Adams as President
• Role of Henry Clay

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John Quincy Adams (1767-1848)
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President of the United States 1825-1829 (6th)

• Son of John Adams
• Popular in New England
• Served as Secretary of State under Monroe

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Andrew Jackson (1767-1845)
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President of the United States 1829-1837 (7th)

• Famous war hero
• Battle of New Orleans (1815)
• Occupied Florida (1818)
• Populist
• Man of the people

"Old Hickory"
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Jackson's Elections 1828 1832
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Jacksonian Democracy

• Belief that the people should govern
• President Representative of all Americans
• Move towards democracy and away from republicanism

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Expanding Suffrage

• Voting requirements were relaxed
• Almost all white males could vote
• Record for Minorities
• Slaves?
• Native Americans?
• Women?

Did not help
Did not help
Did not help
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Rise of Popular Political Culture

• Election of 1828
• Mud-slinging

"The majority is to govern."
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Development of American Nationalism
"American" Special

• Self-made man
• pull yourself up by your bootstraps
• Tough
• Old Hickory
• Strong / Warrior
• Hunters of Kentucky

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Major Events in Jacksons Presidency

• Native American Policy
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Nullification
• John C. Calhoun South Carolina
• 2nd Bank of the United States
• Charter renewal?
• Specie Circular

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Native American Policy

• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Relocated Native Americans to west of the
  Mississippi
• Resistance
• Armed
• In Court

Second Seminole War (1835-1942)
Osceola
"Domestic Dependent Nations"
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
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Trail of Tears
Journey of Cherokee to reservations in the Indian
Territory 4,000 died
Trail of Tears, Robert Lindneux, 1942
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Trail of Tears
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Nullification

• Doctrine that says states do not have to follow
  or enforce laws they believe are unconstitutional
• Nullification Crisis (1828)
• Import tariffs on some items doubled
• Hurt southern states
• South Carolina threatened secession

John C. Calhoun resigns as VP
RESULTS
Compromise tariff passed in 1833
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2nd Bank of the United States

• Charter renewal?
• Henry Clay pushed for early renewal
• Jackson veto
• Specie Circular
• U.S. Treasury could only accept specie as payment
  for land

Campaign Issue - 1832
Panic of 1837