THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

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THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
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Educational Technology

• Educational Technology includes any media that is
  used for instruction

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• Anything used to help teach students can be
  considered educational technology.

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Educational Technology

• Educational technology is any technology that is
  used to support teaching and learning.

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Educational Technology and Instruction

• Technology are the tools to help create an
  effective instructional event
• Instructional events all teaching methods and
  learning experiences
• Learning environment physical and non-physical
  aspects where instruction takes place

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LEARNING
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LEARNING

• is a transfer of knowledge that can be ensured
  only when all components of the process have been
  incorporated
• (Lever-Duffy, et al., 2005)

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LEARNING

• Variety of theories explain how we learn
• Each theory offers a different perspective or
  view as to how learning occurs
• Some theories may be contradictory
• Teachers must decide on theory for themselves

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Learning Theories
Proper planning and effective use of tools and
methods are key to successful teaching and
learning
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Learning Theories

• Learning as Communication
• Knowledge is transferred from sender to receiver
• Receiver returns feedback to sender
• Sender receives feedback
• Variables may alter intended meaning.

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Learning as Communication
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Learning as Communication
Factors Affection Communication
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Learning as Communication

• Environmental Factors
• Any factor that may cause a learner to lose focus
• Can block communications
• Lighting, movement, temperature may interfere
  with communications

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Learning as Communication

• Psychological Factors
• Individual differences that define and impact
  communicated information
• Emotional state may interfere with message
  reception
• Learning styles may interfere with transmission

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Learning as Communication

• Personal Filters
• Individuals values, heritage, and belief system
• May include attitudes, cultural differences, and
  opinions
• Filters are present in both sender and receiver

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Learning Theories

• Behaviorists Perspective
• All behavior is a response to external stimuli
• Students learn in response to rewards and
  punishments
• Learning is a passive response to the environment

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Learning Theories

• Cognitivists Perspective
• Focus is on learning as a mental operation
• Information enters through senses Learning is
  explained by how one thinks
• Believe learning is more complex than behaviorist
  responses

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Learning Theories

• Constructivists Perspective
• Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
  learning process
• Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated or
  accommodated (Piaget)
• Knowledge may be constructed best in a social
  context

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VIEW OF THE LEARNER

• Characteristics that might have an impact on
  learning
• Cognitive style
• Learning style
• Intelligence

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Learning Theories

• Cognitive Styles
• Manner in which one thinks and interprets the
  environment
• Myers-Briggs helps determine cognitive
  preferences
• Understanding cognitive styles helps teachers
  create supportive environments

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Learning Theories
Myers-Briggs Cognitive Types
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Learning Theories

• Learning Styles
• Conditions under which one learns best
• Relates to individual sensory dominance
• Auditory learners learn best by listening
• Visual learners learn best by seeing
• Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by doing
  and touching

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The Learner

• Intelligence
• Inherent capabilities to learn and understand
• Standford-Binet tests emphasize
  logical/mathematical and verbal capabilities
• Howard Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligences
  emphasizes multiple capabilities

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The Learner
Multiple Intelligences

• Verbal-Linguistic
• Mathematical-Logical
• Visual-Spatial
• Bodily-Kinesthetic

• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Naturalistic
• Existential
• Musical

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The Learner
Multiple Intelligences
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Multiple Inteligences

• Linguistics verbal skills/talents related to
  sound, meaning ryhthms
• Logical-mathematical conceptual logical
  thinking
• Musical talents/abilities related to sound,
  rhythm pitch
• Spatial skill in thinking in pictures
  visioning abstract

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Multiple Inteligences

• Bodily-kinesthetic skill in controlling body
  movements
• Interpersonal responsive to others
• Intrapersonal high-degree of self awareness
  insight
• Naturalistic skills in recognizing,
  categorizing interacting with natural world
• Existential ability to consider deal with
  questions of human existence

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Lets try a Learning Style Inventory
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For Learning Inventory Assessment
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Teaching and Learning

• Teaching a systematic, planned sequence of
  events
• A process that communicates ideas/skills
• Takes into account individual and environmental
  factors
• Aware of learning theories learner
  characteristics

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Teaching and Learning

• Teachers should be aware of
• strengths and weaknesses of own teaching style
• learning theories
• learning style of students

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Teaching and Learning

• Teaching and learning work together
• Holistic planning is the key to effective learning

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TECHNOLOGY
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Teaching and Learning

• Technology a component of the teaching/learning
  process
• Educational technology includes resources that
  facilitate teaching/learning
• This view of technology has evolved
• Its consistent with evolution of
• learning theories

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TECHNOLOGY

• The systematic application of scientific or
  other organized knowledge to practical tasks.

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Potential Impacts of Technology

• Enhance our capabilities more effective
• Increase our speed more efficient
• Impact levels of motivation/attitude/vision
• Thornburg (1999), we have the opportunity to
  use technologies in ways that support modern
  pedagogical thought devoted to the premise that
  all students are capable of learning, even if the
  pathways for each learner are different. (cited
  in ONeil Perez, pg. xiv)

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Educational Technology

• A Historical Overview
• Began in the early 1900s with movies
• Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in the
  1920s-1930s
• Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s

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Educational Technology

• A Historical Overview
• 1960s A-V expanded to a broader systems view
• 1970s educational technology redefined and
  expanded further to include all technologies
• 1980s educational technology entered the Digital
  Age

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Educational Technology

• Today
• Holistic view
• All media and systems that support
  teaching/learning
• Teachers must decide how to best utilize
  technology

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Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and
Technology
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Educational Technology

• Change in educational philosophy of what
  constitutes basic skills
• No longer just three Rs
• Learning to learn skills essential
• Lifelong learning

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