FYM as a component of INM

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FYM as a component of INM  
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
FYM is one of the oldest manure used by the
farmers in growing crops because of its easy
availability and presence of all the nutrients
required by the plants. Farmyard manure refers to
the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm
animals along with their litter and left over
material from roughages or fodder fed to the
cattle. FYM is one of the components of INM as it
a cheap and easily available source of organic
nutrients. Integrating FYM with inorganic
fertilizer , scientists are getting very good
response of the crop. Application of this source
of organic improves physical, chemical and
biological condition of the soils. FYM can
supply all the nutrients required by the plant,
however with low quantity.
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
The composition of FYM is shown
below Nutritional status of FYM ()
Content () Nutrient  
Nitrogen 0.5
Phosphorus 0.25
Potassium 0.4 Sodium
0.08 Sulphur 0.02
Zinc 0.004
Copper 0.0003
Manganese 0.007 Iron
0.45
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
Methods of preparation of FYM a) Pit Method
This method is commercially adopted by
farmers usually pits of 8m x 2m x 1m dimensions
are prepared, which are filled in layers by the
mixture of dung, urine and litter up to about 50
cm above ground level. The top is nicely filled,
pits is covered by dry soil and then plastered by
mud paste. One pit is needed every after two
adult animals, the manure became ready after
about 150 to 180 days of plastering. Usually
10-12 tones of FYM obtained/pit or every animal
gives out about 5 to 6 tones of FYM /year.
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

• Trench Method
• This method is also called as
  Dr.C.N.Acharya method. In this method trenches of
  6 to 8 m length, 1.5 to 2 m width, and 1 to 1.25
  m depth are prepared. Mixture of dung and urine
  soaked litter is deposited in layers in these
  trenches until it becomes 50 cm above the ground
  layer. Now it is covered with 50 cm deep soil or
  wood ash- soil layer and then plastered by mud
  paste. Manure becomes ready for use after about
  150 160 days of plastering.
•  

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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

•  
• Heap Method
• Most commonly used by the farmers. Every
  day sweepings, cow dung and litter are collected
  and heaped at any fixed place. After about 6 to 9
  months, the rotten manure is used. According to
  an estimate, about 30 to 35 N2, 20 to 25 P2O5
  4-6 potassium are lost during preparation of
  manure due to leaching, washing and
  volatilization.

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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)
Methods of FYM Application   FYM should be
uniformly spread over soil surface and mixed
thoroughly. It should be applied 15-20 days
before sowing or transplanting so that manure
goes under ammonification and nitrification
process. Application of undecomposed manure
should not be applied. Soil should have
sufficient moisture at the time of application so
that proper microbial activity takes place. Usual
rate of application ranges between 2-5 tones/ha
for most of the crops. But it may show high as 50
to 100 tones/ha for vegetable, sugarcane etc. For
best response it must be well powdered and it
should be sieved, especially for use in nursery.
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

• Beneficial Effects of FYM
• FYM is rich in nutrients
• A small amount of N is directly available to
  the plants
• while a larger portion is made available as
  and when the
• FYM decomposes. When cow dung and urine are
  mixed,
• a balanced nutrition is made available to the
  plants.
• Application of FYM improves soil fertility.
• It has spectacular beneficial effect on
  physical, chemical
• biological properties of soil.

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Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

• Disadvantages
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• It introduces used problem in field
• Its decomposition releases harmful gases which
  polluted
• atmosphere.
• Reduces availability of certain micronutrients
  
• Needs more cost/unit weight of nutrients
  during handling,
• storage and application as compared to
  fertilizer.

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