Distillation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Distillation

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Title: Distillation Subject: Chemistry 2:15/25 (14 s) Author: Jeff Christopherson Keywords: distillation Description: Unit 2: Matter and Energy – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Distillation


1
Distillation
2
Setup to heat a solution
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry
2002, page 42
3
A Heros Fountain
Glass retort
mixture for distillation placed
in here
long spout helps vapors to condense
Furnace
Eyewitness Science Chemistry , Dr. Ann Newmark,
DK Publishing, Inc., 1993, pg 13
4
A Distillation Apparatus
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of
Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282
5
The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry
2002, page 39
6
Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry
2002, page 39
7
No chemical change occurs when salt water is
distilled.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry
2002, page 40
8
Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry
2002, page 40
9
Separation of Sand from Salt
  • Gently break up your salt-crusted sand with a
    plastic spoon.
  • Follow this flowchart to make a complete
    separation.

Salt- crusted sand.
Weigh the mixture.
Pour into heat-resistant container.
Fill with water.
Stir and let settle 1 minute.
Dry sand.
Decant clear liquid.
Weigh sand.
Calculate weight of salt.
No
  • How does this flow
  • chart insure a complete
  • separation?

Wet sand.
Evaporate to dryness.
Repeat 3 times?
Yes
10
Four-stroke Internal Combustion Engine
11
Different Types of Fuel Combustion
Gasoline (octane)
2 C8H18 25 O2 ? 16 CO2 18 H2O
Methanol (in racing fuel)
__CH3OH __O2 ?__CO2 __H2O
12
Combustion Chamber
  • The combustion chamber is the area where
    compression and combustion take
    place.
  • Gasoline and air must be mixed in the correct
    ratio.

13
The Advantages of Methanol - Burning Engines
  • Methanol can run at much higher compression
    ratios, meaning that you can get more power
    from the engine on each piston stroke.
  • Methanol provides significant cooling when it
    evaporates in the cylinder, helping to keep the
    high-revving, high-compression engine from
    overheating.
  • Methanol, unlike gasoline, can be extinguished
    with water if there is a fire. This is an
    important safety feature.
  • The ignition temperature for methanol (the
    temperature at which it starts burning) is much
    higher than that for gasoline, so the risk of an
    accidental fire is lower.

14
A Race Car - Basic Information
  • At 900 hp, it has about two to three times the
    horsepower of a "high-performance" automotive
    engine. For example, Corvettes or Vipers might
    have 350- to 400-horsepower engines.
  • At 15,000 rpm, it runs at about twice the rpm of
    a normal automotive engine. Compared to a normal
    engine, an methanol engine has larger pistons and
    the pistons travel a shorter distance up and down
    on each stroke.
  • The motor is lighter. This lowers their inertia
    and is another factor in the high rpm.
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