Petroleum

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Petroleum

• Petroleum is an oil that is found underground.

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Petroleum means rock oil or oil from the
earth.
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Petroleum is a Fossil Fuel.

• It was made from plants and animals.
• The energy in petroleum came from plants and
  animals.
• That energy came from the sun.

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• The plants and animals lived millions of years
  ago.
• They were alive before the dinosaurs!
• When they died, they were buried on the ocean
  floor.

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• Over the years, layers of mud built up, covering
  the dead plants and animals.
• Heat and pressure from these layers helped the
  remains turn into what we today call crude oil. 

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Petroleum is Non-Renewable.

• The petroleum we use today took millions of years
  to form.
• We cant make more in a short time.
• Thats why we call it a non-renewable energy
  source.

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Today, the oil is found underground.

• Petroleum is buried underground in tiny pockets
  in rocks.

• The oil is trapped in rocks almost like water is
  trapped in a wet sponge!

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So how do we get petroleum out of the ground?
We drill oil wells!
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• Pockets of
• oil that are deep underground are
  called deposits or
  
  reservoirs.

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Oil wells pump out the oil and bring it to the
surface. Some oil wells are more than two miles
deep!
Oil Well
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Oil is found in two places

• Underneath land.

• Underneath the ocean.
• (off-shore)

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• Land-Based Well

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Off-Shore Well
Oil rigs that can float are used to reach oil
beneath the ocean. Most of these wells are in
the Gulf of Mexico.
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After the oil is drilled, it is sent to
refineries.

• We move oil in big ships called tankers.

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• Sometimes we move oil in pipes under the ground.

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We cant use crude oil as it comes out of the
ground.
We must change it into the fuels that we can use.
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A refinery is a factory that processes oil.
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At the refinery, the crude oil is separated into
many fuels and products.
Jet Fuel
Propane
Gasoline

• Diesel

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• Over two-thirds of the petroleum mined is used
  to make gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil!

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Products made from one barrel of crude oil

• One barrel of crude oil produces 19.7 gallons of
  gasoline!

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We also burn oil to make electricity!
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The demand for petroleum-based products is very
high.

• Petroleum use impacts every part of our lives!
• Americans use more petroleum than any other
  energy source!

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Texas produces the most oil!
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Unfortunately, we use much more oil than we
produce.
The U.S. only produces about one-third the amount
of oil that we use!
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Petroleum makes our lives easier, but
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Petroleum damages the environment!

• Drilling for oil
• disturbs fragile
• land and ocean
• environments.

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• Transporting oil
• may endanger
• wildlife if its
• spilled on rivers
• and oceans.

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• Even careless disposal of
• motor oil from our cars can
• pollute streams and rivers!

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• Gasoline burned in our cars
• pollutes the air.

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• Oil burned
• in factories
• causes
• pollution.

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The petroleum industry works hard to protect the
environment.

• Oil is drilled and transported as safely as
  possible, to avoid spills.
• Gasoline has been changed to burn cleaner.

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Discussion Questions

• Where are most of the off-shore oil rigs located?
  
• What are some recent events that impacted oil
  production in this area?
• How did the disruption of oil production impact
  your life?