Refraction of light through a Convex Lens

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Refraction of light through a Convex Lens
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Lens diagram a cross section through the centre
plane.
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Simple convex (curves outwards) lens
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Simple concave (curves inwards) lens
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Convex lens
Concave lens
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Lens is in a vertical plane, straight up and down
on the page.
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Air
Lens
Air
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Light ray
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
Extension of right ray
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
Extension of right ray
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
Extension of right ray
Centre line of the lens
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
Extension of right ray
Centre line of the lens
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to
vertical lens
Extension of right ray
Right angle to the centre line of the lens
Centre line of the lens
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The perpendicular
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The perpendicular
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The perpendicular
Right angle to the surface of the lens
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Centre line of the lens
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Centre line of the lens
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Centre line of the lens
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Centre line of the lens
Perpendicular to the centre line of the lens,
passing through the centre point of the lens
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Light ray
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The focus or focal point
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Focus
F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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Focus
F
F
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Focus
Focus
F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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F
F
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Focus
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Focus
F
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Focus
F
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Focus
F
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Focus
F
This distance from the centre of the lens to the
focus point, will be given to you as a point on a
diagram or a measurement such as 3cm.
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Focus
F
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Focus
F
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Focus
F
2 x focal length
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Focus
F
2 x focal length
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Focus
F
F2
2 x focal length
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Focus
F1
F2
2 x focal length
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Focus
F1
F2
Focal length
2 x focal length
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Focus
F1
F2
Focal length
2 x focal length
Focal length
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Focus
F1
F2
2 x focal length
Focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
2 x focal length
Focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
F1
2 x focal length
Focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
F1
2 x focal length
Focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
F1
2 x focal length
Focal length
2 x focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
F1
2 x focal length
Focal length
2 x focal length
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Focus
Focus
F1
F2
F1
F2
2 x focal length
Focal length
2 x focal length
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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Object located beyond 2 focal lengths (F2)
F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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Light rays converge at this point.
F1
F1
F2
F2
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A real image is formed. A real image can be
projected onto a screen.
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F1
F2
F2
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A real image is formed. A real image can be
projected onto a screen.
F1
F1
F2
F2
The image is inverted (up-side down) and smaller
than the original object.
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When the object is located beyond 2 focal lengths
(F2)
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F1
F2
F2
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When the object is located beyond 2 focal lengths
(F2)
F1
F1
F2
F2
The image created is real, inverted and smaller
than the original object.
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When the object is located beyond 2 focal lengths
(F2)
The rays converge between 1 and 2 focal lengths
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F1
F2
F2
The image created is real, inverted and smaller
than the original object.
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Other rays can be added from different points on
the object
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F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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These extra rays all converge at the same point
between 1 and 2 focal lengths.
F1
F1
F2
F2
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These extra rays are unnecessary for our
purposes.
F1
F1
F2
F2
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Draw rays only from the top point of your object.
This will keep your diagram simple and easy to
understand
F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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F1
F1
F2
F2
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