The Infinitive

1
The Infinitive
2
???????
???????,???????????? ???????,????????
???????,???????, ?????it, ????????
???????, ????to?? ???????,???????
???????,????for sb. to?not???, ????????
3
To do that sort of thing is foolish.
subject
It is foolish to do that sort of thing.
object
I want to see you this evening.
predictive
All you have to do is (to) finish it quickly
The Infinitive
attribute
We found a house to live in.
She came here to study English.
He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
adverbial
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
The patient was warned not to eat oily food
after the operation.
complement
4
??????????
To see one time is better than to hear a
hundred times. To persevere means victory!
????????,???????,?????it????,??????? Its
a great pleasure to be here. It is not an
easy thing to master a language.
??????????????????????????????,? It took us
five hours to get there. It made us very
angry to hear him talk like that.
5
????????????????????????????,???? for ????
???,? It is not hard for one to do a bit of
good. It was difficult for me to do the
work. ?????????????????,????????? of ????
??????????????,? Its kind of you to think so
much of us. Its very nice of you to be so
considerate. Its unwise of them to turn down
the proposal. It was careless of her to make
such a mistake.
6
??????????
1.??????????(?????????,????),? To be kind to
the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do
that would be to cut the foot to fit the
shoe. 2.????aim, duty, hope, idea, intention,
mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion
??????????,?? what ??????????,???????????,?
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
My suggestion is to start work at once. What
I would suggest is to start work at once.
???????,??????????do ?,????????????? to,?
All we have to do is push the button. The
only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
7
????????????
1.?? ? to ???????????????afford, agree,
arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire,
expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend,
promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer,
continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend,
begin, ?,?? Ive arranged to meet him at ten
oclock. I didnt expect to find you
here. 2.?? ??? ? to ???????(???????????????)
?????????tell, advise, show, teach, find out,
decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know,
explain, remember, see, understand, wonder ??
???(?????/??)?what, where, who(m), when,
how, whether, which(why ??),? I dont know
what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when
to stop / how to get there. I havent decided
whether to sell it or not. We must find out
what to do next / where to put it.
8
?? ?????????????????,?????? it,??????,?? I
find it difficult to understand him. We
thought it wrong not to help her. They found
it impossible to get everything ready in time. ??
??????????????, ???????, ????????????? except ?
but (except) ?????????,?? He seldom comes
except to look at my pictures. The child did
nothing except weep. She can do anything but
sing. He will do anything for you except lend
you money. They could do nothing but wait for
the doctors to arrive. ????????????!
9
??????????
1.????????????????????,? Its time to go to
bed. He is not a man to bow before
difficulties. Have you anything to declare?
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in
the evening. I want to get something to read
during the vocation. 2.?????????????,?????????????
??????,? I dont wish to quarrel with you.
?I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will
attempt to cross the river tonight. ? They
will make another attempt to cross the river
tonight. She promised not to do that again.
? She made a promise not to do that again.
10
3.????????????????,??????,???????????,? He
was obviously anxious to go. ? His anxiety to
go was obvious. 4.????????????,????????????????,?
He has a large family to support ( that he
must support). ???????????,???????????,??????????
?,? She has a lot of things to attend to.
The nurse has five children to look after.
Lets first find a room to put the things
in. 5.????????????????,??????????for ????,?
Heres a book for you to read. He gave orders
for the visitors to be shown in.
11
??????????
??????????,????????????,???????????????
1.???? They ran over to welcome the
delegates. He bought a bicycle to go to town
more quickly. He went home to see his
mother. ????????????,???????????????(??????),????
????,?? I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.
He brought a porter to carry the boxes /
bags. They sent a man to mend the window.
He stood up to be seen better.
12
????????????????,?????????????? not ?,??????????
to ???? in order ? so as,? He came here in
order to see Charlie. He shouted and waved so
as to be noticed. He went early in order not
to miss the train. I turned the radio down so
as not to disturb him. ????????????????,?????????
?????????,??????????????????in order,???????so as
,? To draw maps properly, you need a special
pen. (In order to draw maps properly, you need a
special pen.) To get the best results, use
clean water.
13
2. ???? What have I said to make you so
angry? He came round to find himself in
hospital. ????????????????? ?    so as to
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle /
tell me the time? ?    such () as to Im
not such a fool as to believe that. ?    enough
to The boy is old enough to go to
school. ?    too to His eyesight is too
poor to read such small letters.
?????????????,?????? Im only too glad to
go. ( Im very glad to go.) I shall be only
too pleased to get home. ( I shall be very
pleased to get home.) ? only too (adv.) ?
?? ?? ?
14
????,??????????????????,?????????????,???????
?????,? She woke early to find it was
raining. He got home to learn that his father
was ill. ???????????????????? ?
???????????????,???????????,? He arrived
late to find the others had gone home. He
arrived late and found the others had gone
home. ?  ????????????????????????? He left
his native country (,) never to return. He
returned home (,) to find his father lying sick
in bed. ? ??????????????????????,?????????????
???(?????????????????),? He went home to
find his old friend George waiting for him.
15
?   ???????????only?but only,?????,? He got
to the station only to be told the train had
gone. They lifted a rock only to drop it on
their own feet. ???????????????,??????,??,???????
??????,??? He arrived late to find the others
had gone home. ( He arrived late and found the
others had gone home.) He arrived late to avoid
meeting Robert. ( He arrived late in order to
avoid meeting Robert.) He got to the station
only to be told the train had gone. He went to
the station to inquire about the times of trains.
( He went to the station in order to inquire
about the times of trains.)
3. ????(??????????????????) She wept to hear
the news. I pretend to be happy to know him.
He laughed to see such fun. She seemed
surprised to meet us.
16
?????????????
Dont force yourself to write when you have
nothing to say. He believed the earth to be a
globe. Did you see a young man enter the
house? 1.????????????????? ? ??????????????,?
wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage,
trust ?? What do you desire me to do? The
director preferred her to act the old lady. ?
?????????????????,?let, allow, permit,
decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause,
?? We mustnt let this happen again. His
father put him to mind the sheep. ?
??????????????,?ask, desire, invite, beg,
request, worry ?? He begged me not to tell his
father about it. She was always worrying her
father to take her to Paris.
17
? ????????????,?advise, persuade, call on,
urge ?? He urged us to accept the compromise.
The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth
pulled out. ? ??????????????,?order,
command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige,
force, drive, forbid, warn ?? He required us to
keep it a secret. The doctor ordered him to
stay in bed for a few days. I warn you not to
do that again. ? ????help, teach, show, assist,
report, bear, wait for, train, depend on ?? He
promised to teach me to swim. We should train
them to make use of reference books. We are
waiting for the train to stop.
18
2.???????????????????????? ? see, watch, notice,
look at, hear, listen to, observe, feel, have ?
imagine, find, discover, like, want, understand,
hate, bring, get, leave, set Did you see anyone
enter the house? Dont imagine yourself to be
always correct. We find him to be dishonest.
He set the boys to carry water. Ill leave him
to solve the problem for himself.
??????????????????????,????????????????,?????????
????????(????)???????????????,??????????????,???
???????????,? Did you see anyone enter the
house? He saw his father talking with his
teacher. I once heard him sing this song.
She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.
19
??????????????,???????,?????to ????? ?
???????????????,?????????to let, make, have,
see, watch, notice, look at, observe, hear,
listen to He observed someone open the door.
I watched them get into the car. Did you notice
him leave the room? ?feel ????? to do
???????????,?? to??? to be ?????,?? to,? He
felt them to be right. Did you feel the earth
shake? ? help ???????????????,??? to,????? to,?
Do you often help your mother (to) do the
housework? ???????????????,????????,?????????????,
??,to?????,? The boss made them work from
morning till night. They were made to work from
morning till night.
20
?????????????,?????????????(???)??(?????)??,??????
???
??Who heard him say that? They
invited us to go there this summer.
????????????????????????,???????????,? Im
glad to have seen your mother. (cf. Im glad
to see you. )
??????????????
1.??????,? He is said to have written a new
book about workers. (It is said that he has
written a new book about workers.) The enemy
was reported to have surrendered. (It was
reported that the enemy had surrendered.) She
seemed to have heard about it already. (It seemed
that she had already heard about it.)
21
2.???????????????,? You are lucky to have
got tickets to the concert. (You are lucky
that you have got tickets to the concert.)
Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.
(Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)
She was very glad to have done something for the
people. 3.?????????,? He pretended not to
have seen me. I meant to have told you about
it, but I forgot to do so. 4.??????????????????,?
It was a great satisfaction to have
revisited our native village.(??) So you are
the one to have cleaned all these rooms.(??)
They thought it a pity not to have invited
her.(????) She felt it an honour to have
taken part in the work. (????)
22
????????????(???)???,?????????????,??,??????????
??????????????????
1.??????,? They are said to be building
another bridge across the river. They seem to
be getting along quite well. I happened to be
going that way too. 2.????????????,? We didnt
expect you to be waiting for us
here. 3.?????????,? He pretended to be
listening attentively. 4.??????????,? I am
glad to be working with you. (??) Its nice of
you to be thinking of us. (??)
23
?????????????????????????????,?????????,?
They are said to have been collecting folk songs
in Yunnan. She wished to have been training as
hard as the others. Its a great pleasure to
have been working with you.
24
????????????????????????,?????????????
   ?? ?????????????
1.??? It is an honour for me to be asked to
speak here. 2.??? She asked to be sent to work
in Xinjiang. 3.?????? He wanted the letter to
be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be
praised like that. 4.?????? The books are not
allowed to be taken out of the room. 5.??? Are
you going to the meeting to be held in the
teachers office? 6.??? She was too young to
be assigned such work.
25
???????????????????,????????????,??????????????,
? It is a good thing for him to have been
criticized.(??) She preferred to have been given
heavier work to do. (??)) He thought it an honour
to have been invited to the party. (????) The
book is said to have been translated into many
languages. (????) She was the first woman to have
been elected to such a post. (??)
26

• ??????

27
Make sentences from the table
She He They seems appears seemed/appeared doesn't/dont seem did not appear to be very calm/well-known. to be very happy/ like working here. to take great pride in his/her/their work. to have a lot of relations. to envy the kings wealth.
28

• object(??)
• ????????????, ??????want, hope, wish, ask,
  choose, decide, expect, manage, offer, promise,
  refuse, seek, try, pretend, learn, afford, need??
• He hoped/wished/expected to go abroad.
• He promised to buy me a computer.
• ??????wh-?????????,??????decide, know, learn,
  wonder, understand, find out, remember, see?
• what to do.
• how to do it.
• I dont know who(m) to ask/invite.
• when to stop
• where to go.

29

• ?????????????,????????? but,
  except????,???????to ???to.
• We have no choice but to wait outside.
• They could do nothing but ask for help.

30
4. ??????????? ?The teacher asked me to do it
again. ????????? ?????to do
it???me?????
31
Infinitive as Object Complement
(??)
I will invite him to play and have dinner with
me.
(Object complement)
32
Rewrite the sentences, using the words given to
you . 1.Why dont you play the role of queen in
the play? I encouraged her 2.Dont forget
to wear your gloves. Its freezing. I
reminded her 3.You cant take the box of
treasure away. I did not allow her 4.Why
cant they sing some well-known songs? Id
prefer them 5.Do you want to understand the
poem? Ill help you. . I helped him
to play the role of queen in the play.
to wear her gloves as it was freezing.
to take the box of treasure away
to sing some well-known
songs
( to) understand the poem.
33
The Infinitive as object Complement
???????????????(???),?allow, encourage, expect,
help, prefer????????.
e.g.Your parents dont allow you to play the
computer
Teachers encouraged students to speak in English.
34

• ?1 To help each other is good.
• It is good to help each other.
• ????????
• ?2I find it difficult to understand him.
• ??????????
• ?????to understand him?????, it??????
• He found it important to study Russian.
• The computer makes it possible to calculate
  faster.

To help each other is good. It is good to help
each other. ????????
1
2
35
??????????see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice,
listen to, ?????? let, have, make??????,to????? ?1
Now, let me go. (go????to) ?2I saw her run
into the classroom. (run??to???) ??She was seen
to run into the classroom.
36
?1. The farmers didnt know what to do.
The farmers didnt know what they should do. ?2.
Please tell me how to get to the zoo.
Please tell me how I can get to the zoo.
37
(No Transcript)
38

• adverbial(??)
• (1) ?????(not)to / (not)in order to / so as
  (not)to?
• We eat to live and dont live to eat.
• (2) ???? (so/suchas to., enough to, tooto,
  only to
• ???????????
• He was so foolish as to believe it.
  
• He was foolish enough to believe it.
• He is too young to join the army.
• ??only?????????, ?????????,?
• We arrived there only to find the
  train gone.
• He returned home only to find his
  house broken into.
• ?????????????
• 1)??????tooto???????,????
• anxious, eager, glad, ready,
  surprised, willing
• She was too surprised to see how angry her
  father was.
• 2)?not, never, only, all, but???tooto???,too
  ?
• ???very,??????????
• Im only too glad to stay at home.
• Its never too old to learn.

39

• (3)????
• (a)???????????????????, ???????????, ???????
  sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry,
  foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel,
  disappointed??
• Im glad/pleased to see you.
• We were surprised to hear the news.

40
6. ???????? ?1Is this the best way to help
him? ??????????? ?????to help him?way?????? ?2
He is the man to depend on. ????????? ?????to
depend on?man??????
41
?? ??????????????? ???????????????,??
?????????

• attribute(??)
• ???????????????????,???????????????,? chance,
  way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the
  second, the only???,?have to do?there be????e.g.
• ????????.
• There is no one to take care of her.
• ??????????.
• There are only five pairs to choose from.

42

• ??????????easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light,
  cheap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous,
  important, interesting, pleasant, (im)possible,
  fun??
• This question is difficult _____ (answer).
• Do you think him easy_____ (work) with?
• ?????????????

43
(??)
Infinitive as Attribute
It is beautiful music to enjoy.
(Attribute)
44
Combine these sentences 1.She thought of this
idea first. (She was the first person) 2.We
need to weigh the flesh. ( Lets find
something) 3.Is there anything you wish to say?
(What do you have) 4.That will be the only
thing we have to do now. (That will be the only
thing)
She was the first person to think of the idea
Lets find something to weigh the flesh.
What do you have to say?
That will be the only thing to do.
45
????????,??????for(of) sb. ,? ?1. It is
important for us to study English.
?2. It is nice of you to help me.
46
???????????to??not?? ?1. Ill try not to be
late. ?2. Tell him not to make any noise.

47

• ?????????
• To tell (you) the truth, he doesnt agree with
  you.
• To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city.

48

• We were surprised to hear the news.
• 2. We have to get up early to catch the first
  train.
• 3. He is considered to be a great scientist.
• 4. To see is to believe.
• 5. I have a lot of words to say.
• 6.Its impossible for him to go alone.
• 7.She promised to make no mistakes at all.
• 8.I find it difficult to understand him.
• 9. To catch the train, wed better hurry to the
  station by taxi.

49
The tense and voice of the infinitive
1.I want to tell him about it.
(Active Voice)
2.I want to be told about it.
(Passive Voice)
3.She seems to be sleepy
(Indefinite Tense)
4.She seems to be sleeping
(Continuous tense)
5.She seems to have known the truth .
(Perfect tense)
50
The tense and voice of the infinitive
?? ?? ???? ????
??? (not)to do (not) to be done
??? (not) to be doing ?
??? (not) to have done (not) to have been done
51
???????to ?????
1 ?????????????,???? make, let , have ? look at
, see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel
??,?????to. 2. ?????? had better, would
rather, would ratherthan, cannot but(???
,??,???), cant help but ? 3. Why. ? why
not ??? 4. ??? but , except ??,?????
????do ?????,?????to,????to .
52
5 ???????,????do??????,to????? 6
??help?help????,???to????,?????to????,??help???
?????,?????to????,????????????????????to????,????
??????????????
53
1.Did you notice anyone come in? 2.I must
apologize for not letting you know ahead of
time. 3. Though he had often made his little
sister cry, today he was made to cry by his
sister. 4. I cannot but agree. 5. I cant help
but feel sorry for Tom. 6. Why not have a try
again? 7. Why spend so much money? 8. Then it has
no choice but to lie down and sleep.
54
9. There is nothing to do except wait till it
stops raining. 10. The first thing she did was go
up to her trainer and thank for all her help
during the training. 11. Will you help me (to)
repair this bike?
55

• ??????(?)

56

• 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I
  dont know ___.
• to do it B. how to C. what to do
  it D. how to do
• 2. His voice made me _____ terrible.
• To feel B. feel C.
  feels D. felt
• 3. My parents told me ____ people when they are
  in trouble.
• never laugh at B. not
  to laugh at
• dont laugh at D. not
  laugh at
• 4. Its bad manners ____ rude to people.
• to be B. are C.
  be D. to being
• 5. Its interesting _____ us to take part in the
  games.
• A. of B. to
  C. for D. at

57
6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life
easier, ___ it more difficult. A not make
B not to make C not making
D do not make 7.Ive worked with
children before, so I know what ___ in my new
job. A. expected B. to
expect C to be expecting D
expects 8.Paul doesnt have to be made ____. He
always works hard. A. learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learning 9. I would love ___
to the party last night but I had to work extra
hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to
have gone C. going D. having gone
tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder,
explain
58

• 10.Do let your mother know all the truth. She
  appears ________everything.
• to tell B.to be
  told
• C. to be telling D.to have
  been told
•  
• Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the
  old couple, but it remains ______whether they
  will enjoy
• A. to see B.to be seen C. seeing
  D. seen

59
12. Charles Babbage is generally considered
_____the first computer. A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented D.
having invented 13. Allen had to call a taxi
because the box was _______ to carry all the way
home. A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
60
14. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the
street, but his mother told him ______. A.
not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to 15. Little Jim should love _____
to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken
B. to take C. being taken D.
taking 16.There are five pairs ___,but I'm at a
loss which to buy A. to be chosen   B. to choose
from  C. to choose  D. for choosing
61
17.____late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the
alarm.  A. To sleep  B. Sleeping 
C. Sleep  D. Having sleep 18.With a
lot of difficult problems ____,the newly-elected
president is having a hard time A. settled
B. settling C. to settle D.
being settled
62
19.She will tell us why she feels so strongly
that each of us has a role___in making the
earth a better place to live. A. to
have played B. to play C. to be played
D. to be playing 20.In order to gain a bigger
share in the international market, many state
run companies are trying ___their products more
competitive. A. to make B. making
C. to have made D. having made
63

• ??????(?)

64

• _____is a good of exercise for both the young and
  
• the old.
• A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk
  D.Walk
• 2. When and where to build the new power station
  __
• yet.
• A.is not decided B. are not
  decided
• C.has not decided D. have not
  decided
• 3.Is____necessary to change trains at Beijing?
• A. this B. that C. it D. he
• 4.Our father often told us in the past that __is
  believing.
• A.to see B.seeing C.see
  D.to be seen
• 5.She pretended__the letter I wrote yesterday.
• A.not to receive B. not
  receiving
• C.not to hear from D. having not
  received

65

• 6.I cant imagine_____that with such a famous
  author.
• A.work B.to work C.to be working D.
  working
• 7.She reached the top of the hill and
  stopped_____on a big rock by the side of the
  path.
• A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest
  D.rest
• 8.Do you consider___any good attempting many
  scientific experiments?
• A. there B. it C. this
  D. that
• 9.Im thirsty. Would you please give me
  something________.
• A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drun D.for
  drinking

66
10.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_____after
drinking again and again. A.
never to drive B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never rive 11.They knew her very well.They had
seen her____up from childhood. A. grow
B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 12.
Believe it or not, he was seen______upstairs just
now. A. to go B. to going C.
having gone D. go 13. It was so cold that they
kept the fire ______all night. A. to burn
B. burn C. burning D. burned
67
14. To master a foreign language,______.
A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs
a lot of practice C. practice is in need
of D. one needs a lot of practice 15.
Little Jim should love _____to the theatre this
evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being
taken D. taking 16. What do you think of the
book? Oh, excellent. Its worth ______a
second time. A. to read B. to be read C.
reading D. being read 17. The library needs
______,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A.
cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being
cleaned