What is Computer?

1
What is Computer?
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to
process data (input) into useful information
(output). A computer system comprises four main
aspects of data handling input, processing,
output and storage.
2
The Nature of Computers

• Speed essential to our fast-paced society
• Reliability extremely reliable / human errors
• Storage Capability tremendous amounts of data
• Productivity doing better and faster jobs
• Decision Making need to take into account
  financial, geographical and logistical factors
• Cost Reduction holds down teh costs of labor,
  energy and paperwork

3
Where Computers Are Used?

• Education
• Graphics
• Retailing
• Energy to locate oil, natural gas, coal
• Law Enforcement fingerprint, DNA
• Transportation car technologies, air traffic
• Money
• Agriculture
• Government
• Home
• Healt and Medicine
• Robotics
• The Human Connection
• The Sciences
• Connectivity
• Training

4
Computer System
5
Front of the Computer

• CD-ROM Drive
• Floppy Drive
• Keyboard
• Monitor
• Mouse

6
Inside the Computer

• CD-ROM
• CPU
• Expansion Slots
• Floppy drive
• Hard disk
• Memory chip
• Motherboard
• Power Supply

7
Back of the Computer

• Cooling Fan
• Power Supply
• Keyboard Connector

• Mouse Connector
• Parallel Printer Port
• Video Connector

• Mouse Connector
• Parallel Printer Port
• Video Connector

8
Microprocessor

• Brain of the computer
• Current chips for PC
• Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, Pentium IV and
  Centrino)
• AMD (K-6 and Athlon)
• Which do I buy?
• Pentium IV or Athlon for graphic intensive
  programs
• K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing

9
Auxiliary Storage

• CD-ROM
• Tape Backup
• Hard disk
• Zip Drive
• Floppy Disks
• DVD

10
Auxiliary Storage (Permanent)

• Floppy Disk
• Most common is 1.44Mb
• LS-120 disk is 120Mb
• High Capacity Removable Storage
• Zip disks (100 or 250Mb)
• Jaz Disks (1 or 2Gb)
• Hard (Fixed) Disk
• Most common are 10 80Gb

11
Auxiliary Storage (Continued)

• CD-ROM (800Mb)
• Recordable devices also available
• DVD drives (4.7Gb-17Gb)
• ROM and RAM
• Higher capacity than CD
• Tape Units
• Used for large, unattended back-ups

12
Internal Memory (RAM)

• Temporary (erased when power turned off)
• Measured in bytes
• 1 Byte 1 character (8 bits)
• 1 Kilobyte 210 (1,000 bytes)
• 1 Megabyte 220 (1,000,000 bytes)
• 1 Gigabyte 230 (1,000,000,000 bytes)
• Need 64 - 1024Mb of RAM
• Want to keep multiple programs data files in
  memory
• Graphic intensive programs demand a lot of memory

13
Input and Output Units

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Trackball
• Scanner
• Joystick
• Pen

• Ink Jet
• B/W or color
• Smears
• Lasers
• Highest quality output

14
Modems/Network Cards

• Fax/Modem
• 56Kbps/V.90
• Cable Modem
• Uses TV cable
• DSL Modem
• Voice and Data on same line
• Network Cards

15
Additional Devices

• Multimedia
• CD ROM or DVD
• Sound Card
• Speakers
• Other Devices
• Scanner
• Camera

16
Software

• System
• MS-DOS
• Mac OS
• Unix
• Linux
• Windows
• Application
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
• Presentation
• Games
• Antivirus
• Others

17
Classification of Computers

• Personal Computers
• Notebook Computers lightweight and portable
• Handheld Computers personal digital assistant
  (PDA)
• Midrange Computers design to serve the needs of
  medium sized organizations
• Mainframes processing data at very high speed
• Supercomputers process trillions of
  instructions per second

18
Introduction to Windows
19
Evolution of Windows

• Windows 3.1
• First widely used successful version of Windows
• Replaced MS-DOS
• Windows 95
• Introduced Start button, taskbar for
  multitasking, and My Computer for easier file
  management
• Windows NT
• Intended for business computing
• Increased reliability and security

20
Evolution of Windows (Continued)

• Windows 98
• Active desktop displays Web content
• Enables Web conventions on the desktop
• Windows 2000
• Security of NT with Windows 98 Interface
• Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 2000 Server
• Windows Me (Millennium Edition)
• Successor to Windows 98 for home computing

21
The Windows Desktop
22
Anatomy of a Window

• Title bar with Min, Max or Restore, and Close
  buttons
• Menu bar, Toolbar, and Address bar
• Status bar and Scroll bars

23
The Devices on a System

• Drive A is always a floppy disk
• Drive B is a second floppy disk (obsolete)
• Drive C is always a fixed disk
• Drives D, E, are variable
• CD ROM
• Zip drive or removable media
• Network drives

24
Pull-down Menus

• Pull-down menu
• Dimmed command
• Ellipsis
• Check
• Bullet
• Arrowhead
• Submenu

25
Dialog Boxes

• Tabbed dialog box
• Option buttons
• Check box
• Text box
• Spin button
• Command buttons

26
Dialog Boxes continued

• Command buttons
• Open List Box
• Scroll bar
• List box
• Tabbed dialog box
• Help button ?
• Cancel button
• OK button

27
Moving and Sizing a Window

• To Move a Window
• Click and drag the title bar
• To Size a Window
• Click and drag a corner to change the length and
  width in proportion with one another
• Click and drag a border to change just the length
  or the width

28
Formatting a Floppy

• Disk capacity
• 720Kb
• 1.44Mb
• Types of formatting
• Quick (erase)
• Full
• Label

29
File Management

• My Computer
• Simpler and less sophisticated
• Can result in multiple open windows at one time
• Windows Explorer
• Hierarchical view on left
• Contents of the selected folder on the right
• Multiple views available for both
• Small icons, Large icons, List, and Details view

30
Windows Explorer

• Folder
• Expanded
• Collapsed
• Files
• Program file
• Data file
• File names
• Name
• Extension (type)

31
Moving and Copying Files

• Moving Files
• Click and drag to a different folder on the same
  drive
• Cut and Paste
• Shortcut Menu

• Copying Files
• Click and drag from one drive to another
• Copy and Paste
• Shortcut Menu

32
The Help Command

• Accessed from the Start button
• Tabs
• Contents tab
• Index tab
• Search tab
• Favorites tab
• Web help