Islam-Submission to Allah

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ISLAM Religion and Empire
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1- The Foundations of Islam
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Islam?An Abrahamic Religion

• Muslims are monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God,
  which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible,
  like the Quran, is the word of God.

Jews, Christians and Muslims are Peoples of the
Book
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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Origins of the Quran

• Muhammads first revelation from an angel in
  610.
• 622 ? Hijrah ? Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina.
  The beginning of the Muslim calendar (Year
  1)
• Muhammads revelations became the Quran (Koran)
  after his death.

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The Quran

• Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
• Written in Arabic.

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2- The Five Pillars of Islam
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1. The Shahada

• The declaration of faith

There is no god except God, and Muhammad is
HisProphet.
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2. The Salat

• The mandatory prayers 5 times a day
  dawn noon late afternoon
  sunset before going to bed
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

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3. The Zakat

• Charitable donations.
• About 2.5 of your income.

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4. The Sawm

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
• A method of self-purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

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5. The Hajj

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year.

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5. The Hajj

• Those who complete the pilgrimage can add
  the title hajji to their name.

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The Dar al-Islam
Unifying source Compare to European Catholicism
The Worldof Islam
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Other Islamic Religious Practices

• Up to four wives allowed at once.
• No alcohol or pork.
• No gambling.
• Sharia ? body of Islamic law to
  regulate daily living.
• Three holiest cities in Islam Mecca,
  Medina, Jerusalem.

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The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into
heaven.
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Quiz Bonus Question
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many people to the new religion?
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As we continue, think about which reasons seem
more important to you and why.
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The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priests.
• Teaches equality.
• Non-Muslims, who were Peoples of the Book,
  were allowed religious freedom, but paid
  additional taxes.
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes.
• Jihad (Struggle) against pagans and other
  non-believers (infidels).

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• Problem
• No successor to Muhammad
• They will choose a Caliph Political and
  religious leader, successor to Muhammad

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• Sunni
• Muhammad left no successor
• Felt caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders
• One is appointed from among peers
• Abu BakrFriend of Muhammad

• Shia
• Muhammad left a chosen successor
• Felt only true successors were blood descendents
  of Muhammad
• AliSon-in-law, cousin of Muhammad

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• Abu Bakr
• Sunni
• Leader of Umayyads
• Proclaimed Caliph
• Ali
• Shiite
• Appointed new Caliph
• Ali is murdered

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UmayyadDynasty
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First Three Caliphs
Capital moved to Damascus, Syria

• Abu Bakr
• Expands the faith
• Umar
• Brought Jerusalem under control
• Uthman
• MurderedCauses great conflict!!!

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Decline and Fall

• Leaders abandon simple lifestyle
• Many Muslims dissatisfied
• Abbas Leader of dissatisfied Muslims
• Allies with Shiites
• Revolt against Damascus
• Reconciliation Banquet
• Slaughtered Umayyads

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Abbasid

• 750-1258

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Move to Baghdad

• New capital, ideal location
• Close to Persiancapital
• Spectacular city
• Economic andacademic centerof Muslim world

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Courtly Excesses

• Untouchable rulers
• The Shadow of God on Earth
• Life of luxury
• Caliph Harun al-Rashid 786-809
• Golden Age of Muslims
• Learning, trade, and government
• Civil war after Rashids death

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