Latitude and Longitude

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Latitude and Longitude

• or
• Finding your way around a map

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Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude and Longitude

• Geographers divided the Earth into two
  hemispheres. The north and the south. They are
  divided by a horizontal imaginary line called the
  Equator. The Equator is 0o latitude.

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Latitude and Longitude

• They also divided it into the eastern and western
  hemispheres by an imaginary line called the Prime
  Meridian. The Prime Meridian is 0o longitude. It
  goes through Greenwich, England. (England was a
  major world leader at the time and was a leader
  in mapmaking.)

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Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude and Longitude

• Everything north of the Equator is in the
  Northern Hemisphere.
• Everything south of the Equator is in the
  Southern Hemisphere.
• Everything west of the Prime Meridian is in the
  Western Hemisphere.
• Everything east of the Prime Meridian is in the
  Eastern Hemisphere.

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Latitude and Longitude

• Where does that put us?

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Latitude and Longitude

• The horizontal lines on the map are lines of
  latitude or parallels. They are parallel to the
  Equator. Latitude lines are given in degrees
  north or south of the Equator.

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Latitude and Longitude

• The vertical lines on the map are longitude lines
  or meridians. They are given in degrees east or
  west of the Prime Meridian.
• It is called the prime because it is the primary
  meridian that others are based on. It is called
  meridian because it means midday. When the sun
  crosses any meridian it is noon or midday at that
  spot.

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Latitude and Longitude

• At 180o it is exactly opposite the Prime Meridian
  and is called the International Date Line. When
  you cross the International Date Line you move
  forward or backward one day.
• The International Date Line is in the Pacific.
  Moving toward California you gain a day, moving
  toward China you to backward one day.

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Latitude and Longitude

• Two important parallels are 23 ½o N which is the
  Tropic of Cancer and 23 ½o S which is the Tropic
  of Capricorn.
• Other important lines of latitude are the Arctic
  Circle at 66 ½o N and the Antarctic Circle at 66
  ½o S.

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Latitude and Longitude

• The map is like a Cartesian plane.
• Absolute locations are always given with the
  latitude first and then the longitude.

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Latitude and Longitude

• Find these places on the map
• City located near 20 degrees north, 100 degrees
  west
• Mexico City
• Country intersected by 40 degrees north, 20
  degrees east
• Albania

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Latitude and Longitude
City located near 0 degrees, 80 degrees west
Quito, Ecuador City located near 30 degrees
north, 30 degrees east Cairo, Egypt
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Latitude and Longitude

• Body of water including 20 degrees north, 90
  degrees east
• Bay of Bengal
• Mountain range including 30 degrees north, 90
  degrees east
• Himalayas

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Latitude and Longitude

• Country containing 20 degrees south, 30 degrees
  east
• Zimbabwe
• City located near 30 degrees north, 90 degrees
  west
• New Orleans

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Latitude and Longitude