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FEMINISM

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Title: FEMINISM


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FEMINISM
  • Scott Masters
  • Crestwood College

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  • ? politicosocioeconomic struggle for
    gender/sexual equality
  • the roots of modern fem. can be found in the IR
  • the IR transformed modern society in all
    respects this inc. upsetting the gender balance
  • both women and men were forced to pursue
    non-traditional forms of employment in the
    emerging IR

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  • in early heavy industry, men gained the
    employment advantage this was based in part on
    the advantage of greater physical strength, but
    the reality is that medieval Europe was already
    patriarchal
  • women and children were thus relegated to
    secondary tasks/ inferior forms of employment

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  • this led to a fundamental in family structure
    as men gained eco. dominance in society and
    became the breadwinners, men gained increased
    status w/in the family (and since wealth meant
    pol. power, men gained a role in govt too)
  • it had not always been like that in feudalism
    Europe had always been patriarchal, but women
    shared in the familial/eco./pol. responsibilities
    to a greater extent

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  • by the late 19th c., women were in a better
    position to challenge that inequality, esp. in GB
    (emerging liberalism)
  • the suffragette movement was on the rise, with
    women demanding pol. rights (mainly the vote),
    along w/ eco., legal, and social ones (such as
    temperance)
  • this phase 1st Wave Feminism
  • most of the goals were achieved in the 1920s/30s
    women gained the right to vote and were
    recognized as citizens (Cda Nellie McClung,
    Emily Murphy, Agnes Macphail), esp. after WW I

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  • but the suffragettes made a key error they had
    believed that pol. equality would translate into
    other areas of society (and thus aid in the
    achievement of eco. and familial equality too)
  • but sexism persisted (now de facto instead of de
    jure)
  • and it persists to this day pink collar jobs,
    the glass ceiling, pay inequity

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  • WW II was another watershed period, typified by
    Rosie the Riveter women made massive
    contributions, many of which were erased in the
    complacency of the Fabulous 50s
  • Video Notes How do all of the following factor
    into the Sexual Revolution? Baby Boom, Social
    Hygiene Films, Betty Friedan and The Feminine
    Mystique, Gloria Steinem and Ms., Cohabitation,
    Sexual Revolution, The Pill, Sexual
    Orientation 

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  • the period after WW II saw the emergence of the
    2nd Wave since pol./legal equality had been
    achieved, the focus changed to inc. an attack on
    economic/ social/psychological injustice
  • in this period, Womens Lib (-eration) became the
    emphasis, and the goal was to address the issue
    of womens ongoing inferior status
  • the different strains of fem. provide a of
    answers fem. can be found all over the pol.
    spectrum (conservative fem., liberal fem.,
    Marxist fem., etc)

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Marxist Feminism
  • its emphasis is on the evils of capitalism and
    specifically its oppression of womyn 
  • acc. to Allison Jaggar, Women are the
    proletariat in the gender division of labour.
    (Gender Proletariat)
  • here, proletariat means oppression outside of
    eco. activity
  • by implication, men are the gender bourgeoisie
  • thus the further implications?
  • What does rev. mean to Jaggar?

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  • Marxist Feminists trace industrial/postindustrial
    inequality to pre-existent patriarchy, the
    physical nature of early ind. rev. workplaces,
    the obstacle of pregnancy and child-rearing,
    prejudice and stereotyping
  • They also note that much of this still exists,
    even in law
  • Feminist jurisprudence is a school of thought
    that seeks to remedy such injustice (as seen in
    the Stella Bliss and Lavell v. Attorney General
    cases)

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  • w/ all of the above, Marxist feminists see men w/
    a def. adv., so Marxist fem. offers a 4-pronged
    critique of society
  • Patriarchy that male domination must be
    attacked in all its forms
  • Culture needs to be assailed as Cultural
    Conditioning (Socialization) determines gender
    behaviour/expectations
  • They contend that women learn to be passive and
    accept their secondary status b/c of pervasive
    social signals
  • Further, both men and women internalize
    stereotypes and a ct acc. to these beliefs,
    leading to oppression of women
  • The fem. solution since culture can transmit
    both ideas of oppression and liberation, the
    process of socialization needs to be transformed
    to create empowerment

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  • Epistemology the process of how knowledge is
    acquired
  • Fem. states that all knowledge in
    socially-constructed since we live in a
    patriarchal society, were bound to internalize
    those values
  • Whats needed new patterns of socialization,
    new sources of info, new ways of interpreting the
    world
  • Womynpolitically correct language (PC)

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  • History another fem. issue is that women are
    ignored and invisible in history
  • Only recently did women become formal citizens
    and thus play a pol. role since much traditional
    hist. is political/military, women have thus been
    downplayed (as less documentation existed to
    portray womens role in social history)there
    are also the facts that most historians were men
    w/ male priorities and that women were denied
    education/literacy until fairly recently
  • Thus herstory needs to be re-examined and
    written (examples)
  • Go check out the website equalityrules.ca
  • What is the 3rd Wave?
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