Diencephalon

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Midbrain
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Tectum
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The superior and Inferior Colliculi of the Tectum
Visual and Auditory reflex orienting response
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MIDBRAIN
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Complex pain circuits and the PAG-opioid
connection
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MIDBRAIN- substantia nigra
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Loss of DA in Parkinsons
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Some symptoms
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Parkinsons Disease

• In the United States alone, close to 2 million
  people are affected, with approximately 70,000
  new cases diagnosed each year. While the
  frequency of the disease is considerably higher
  in people over 50, we are seeing an alarming
  increase in patients who are in their 30's and
  40's. In consideration of the increased life
  expectancy in this country and worldwide, an
  increasing number of people will be victims of
  Parkinsons disease.

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MIDBRAIN- ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
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VTA-Frontal Cortex ( the mesocortical DA pathway)
-And Reward
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VTA DA reward pathways