English Colonization: New England v. Virginia

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English Colonization New England v. Virginia
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Causes for English Colonization

• Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 open North
  Atlantic to English expansion.
• Changes in English economy.
• Rise of merchant class
• Joint-stock companies
• Surplus population in cities

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Causes for English Colonization

• Protestant Reformation
• Anti-Popish believers (Puritans) felt that the
  Church of England was not Protestant enough in
  its beliefs and practices.
• Persecution of Puritans, and Quakers led to
  conflict with religious and political authorities.

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Jamestown and Virginia

• The Virginia Company received charter from King
  James I in 1607.
• Goals
• Gold and wealth
• Convert Indians to Christianity
• Find a passage to the Indies

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John Smiths Map of Virginia
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Jamestown and Virginia

• Early group suffered from laziness, starvation,
  and malaria.
• Saved by leadership of John Smith and tobacco
  planter John Rolfe.
• Legend of Pocahontas (Matoaka)

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Portraits of Pocahontas
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Jamestown Wattle and Daub house
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Tobacco

• Brought capital and workers to Virginia
• Problems
• Chained prosperity of Virginia to one crop.
• Exhausted the soil.
• Promoted large-acreage plantations which needed
  large amounts of cheap labor.

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Contributions of early Virginia

• Provided model for economic investment in
  America.
• First representative self-government (House of
  Burgesses).
• Demand for slaves (first slaves sold by Dutch to
  settlers in 1619).
• Relationships with natives (good an bad)

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New England Colonies

• Separatists (Pilgrims) arrived at Plymouth in
  1620.
• Mayflower Compact first document of
  self-government in America.
• After difficult first winter (44 out of 102
  survived), survived under the leadership of
  Governor William Bradford.

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New England Colonies

• Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay in 1630 for
  religious reasons. (Great Puritan Migration
  1629-1640)
• Middle class
• Educated
• Fur traders, fishermen, and shipbuilders
• Bible Commonwealth restricted to a male members
  of the Puritan church

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Early Settlements Video