802.16: Introduction

1
802.16 Introduction

• Reference
• 1 S.J. Vaughan-Nichols, Achieving Wireless
  Broadband with WiMax, IEEE Computer Vol.37,
  No.6, PP.10-13, June 2004.
• 2 IEEE Std 802.16-2004, IEEE Standard for
  Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 16
  Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
  Systems, Oct. 2004.
• 3 N. Liu, X. Li, C. Pei, and B. Yang, Delay
  Character of a Novel Architecture for IEEE 802.16
  Systems, Proceedings of Parallel and
  Distributed Computing, Applications and
  Technologies (PDCAT 2005), PP.293-296, Dec.2005.
• 4 IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, IEEE Standard for
  Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 16
  Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
  Systems--Amendment 2 Physical and Medium Access
  Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile
  Operation in Licensed Bands, Feb. 2006.
• 5 C. Cicconetti,L. Lenzini,E. Mingozzi, and C.
  Eklund, Qality of service support in IEEE 802.16
  networks, IEEE Network, Vol.20, No.2, PP-55,
  March-April 2006.

2
802.16 Architecture
3
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802.16 Architecture(cont.)
Point-to-Multipoint
Mesh mode
5
802.16 Architecture(cont.)
6
IEEE 802.16 extensions
7
IEEE Std 802.16 Protocol Layering
8
Service Specific Convergence Sublayer

• Functions
• Provide transformation or mapping of external
  network data into MAC SDU for MAC CPS
• Classify external network data and associate them
  to proper MAC service flow identifier (SFID) and
  connection id (CID)
• Payload head suppression (optional)
• Two convergence sublayer specified
• ATM convergence sublayer
• Packet convergence sublayer

9
MAC Common Part Sublayer

• Functions
• System access
• Bandwidth allocation
• Connection establishment and maintenance with
  service flow
• Support point-to multipoint (PMP) and mesh modes
• Support ARQ scheme
• Dynamic uplink (UL) and downlink (DL)
• Flexible MAC with various scheduling schemes for
  real time, non-real time and best effort services

10
Security Sublayer

• Functions
• Authentication
• Secure key exchange
• Encryption
• Two component protocols
• Encapsulation protocol for dataencryption
• Privacy key management protocol (PKM)

11
Physical Sublayer

• WirelessMAN-SC PHY
• Single-carrier modulation
• Tangeted for 10-66 GHz frequency band
• WirelessMAN-SCa PHY
• Single-carrier modulation
• Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
• WirelessMAN-OFDM PHY
• OFDM modulation with a FFT size of 256
• Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
• AAS and MIMO (also for OFDM-PHY)
• WirelessMAN-OFDMA PHY
• OFDM modulation with scalable FFT sizes
• Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
• Hybrid-ARQ
• Fast-feedback mechanisms
• Handover support

12
802.16 PHY Introduction
13
802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.)

• Support framing
• Support both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and
  Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , as well as
  half-duplex FDD (H-FDD)
• Burst transmission format which support adaptive
  burst profiling
• Transmission parameters, including the modulation
  and coding schemes (burst-profiles)
• Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) and Uplink
  Channel Descriptor (UCD)
• MAC management messages Downlink Map (DL-MAP) and
  Uplink Map (UL-MAP)

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802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.)
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802.16 QoS Type
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802.16 QoS Support
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802.16 QoS Support(cont.)
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802.16 Scheduling
PMP (Point-to-Multipoint)
IEEE 802.16
Mesh
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Internet
Centralized
Bandwidth request

• Congestion at BS
• 1 SS active per time slot
• Longer route
• Serious Delay

MAC frame
BS
Data flow
SS A
MAC frame
SS B
MAC frame
SS C
SS D
SS E
MAC frame
MAC frame
SS F
SS I
MAC frame
SS H
MAC frame
SS G
SS K
SS J
SS J
SS J
SS J
MAC frame
SS L
SS M
SS M
Sender
Sender
Receiver
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802.16 Mobility Management Middle Domain and
Vertical Handoff
Reference 1 J. Y. Hu, and C.-C. Yang, "On the
Design of Mobility Management Scheme for
802.16-based Network Environment," Proceedings of
IEEE 62nd Semiannual Vehicular Technology
Conference (VTC-2005 Fall), PP.25-28 Sept. 2005.
22
Introduction
GR Gateway Router (Gateway of CIP or GFA
of HMIP)
23
Introduction (cont.)
24
Introduction (cont.)
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Middle-domain Mobility Management Scheme
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Middle-domain Mobility Management Scheme (cont.)
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Performance Evaluation-Quantitative Analysis by
Simulation(1)
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Performance Evaluation (cont.)-Quantitative
Analysis by Simulation(2)
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802.16e Mobile Version of 802.16
Cell Radius 5KM Non-line-of-sight Bandwidth
15Mbps
MH can connect to the BS directly.
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Related Work Traditional Overlay Networks
Upper Layer Networks larger coverage, lower
bandwidth Lower Layer Networks smaller coverage,
higher bandwidth
Upper Layer Networks
Lower Layer Networks
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Horizontal Vertical Handoff
1. Horizontal Handoff
2. Upward Vertical Handoff
3. Downward Vertical Handoff
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Coverage-based Handoff Triggering
Upper Layer Networks With larger coverage size
and lower bandwidth
As soon as received the signal from lower layer,
Downward Vertical Handoff
C
Out of cell coverage, Upward Vertical Handoff
B
A
Lower Layer Networks With smaller coverage
size but higher bandwidth
As soon as received stronger signal strength from
other cell in the same layer, Horizontal Handoff
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Handoff Times (Total)
34
Packet Loss (Total)
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Quality of ServiceFramework, Routing, and
Scheduling
Reference 1 J. Chen, W. Jiao, and H. Wang,
A service flow management strategy for IEEE
802.16 broadband wireless access systems in TDD
mode, Proceedings of IEEE International
Conference on Communications (ICC 2005), Vol. 5,
PP. 3422-3426, May 2005. 2 J. Chen, W. Jiao,
and H. Wang, An Integrated QoS Control
Architecture for IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless
Access Systems, Proceedings of IEEE Global
Telecommunications Conference (Globecom 2005),
Vol. 5, PP. 3330-3335, Nov.-Dec. 2005. 3 C.C.
Yang, Y.T. Mai, and L.C. Tsai, Cross-Layer QoS
Support in the IEEE 802.16 Mesh Network,
Proceedings of 2006 Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communications (WPMC 2006), PP.567-571, La Jolla,
San Diego, California, Sept. 2006.
36
Introduction

• In IEEE 802.16 standard, scheduling algorithms
  for uplink and downlink bandwidth allocation in a
  single frame are undefined.
• There is no proposed bandwidth allocation
  solution considering uplink and downlink
  simultaneously.

37
Service Flow Management
DSA Dynamic Service Addition DSC Dynamic
Service Change DSD Dynamic Service Deletion
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The hierarchical structure of the BW allocation
1st Layer
1. rtPS gt nrtPSgt BE 2. Downlink gt Uplink
2nd Layer
1. rtPS EDF 2. nrtPS WFQ 3. BE RR
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Simulation Results (1)
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Simulation Results (2)
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Proposed Framework

• System Architecture
• QoS Parameter Extraction
• Centralized Route Selection with QoS Support
• Flow Setup
• QoS Scheduling

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System Architecture
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Avg. delay and variation by service type with
flow data rate 5Mbps
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Average Throughput
Avg. throughput with flow data rate 5Mbps
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Average Signaling Cost
Gain
Proposed vs. Centralized -38.11
Proposed vs. Distributed -76.95