Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers

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Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of
polymers
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How many waters would be produced?
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Carbohydrates

• Sugars
• End in -ose
• CH2O
• POLYMER, built of monosaccharide sugars

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Classes of Saccharides

• Monsaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Simple sugars
• Polysaccharides
• Complex sugars

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Figure 5.3 The structure and classification of
some monosaccharides
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Figure 5.3x Hexose sugars
Just because they have the same chemical formula
does not mean they look the same. Different
shapes different functions
Glucose
Galactose
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Figure 5.4 Linear and ring forms of glucose
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Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis
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Figure 5.5x Glucose monomer and disaccharides
Glucose monomer
Sucrose
Maltose
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Mono and Disaccharides

• Primarily used for energy in the body.

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Polysaccharides

• thousands of monosaccharides linked together
• Storage and structural roles
• Glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin (contains
  nitrogen)

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Figure 5.7a Starch and cellulose structures 
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Figure 5.7b,c Starch and cellulose structures 
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Figure 5.7x Starch and cellulose molecular
models
? Glucose
? Glucose
Cellulose
Starch
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Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides
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Figure 5.8 The arrangement of cellulose in plant
cell walls
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Fiber
Largely undigestable Still important to your
diet, helps promote contractions of intestinal
lining.
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Figure 5.x1 Cellulose digestion termite and
Trichonympha
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Figure 5.x2 Cellulose digestion cow
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Chitin
Low weight, high strength material.
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Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide
exoskeleton and surgical thread