Chapter 3 States of Matter

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Chapter 3 States of Matter
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Everything that has mass and volume is called
matter.
What is matter?
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3.1 Solid, Liquid and GasView video
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What type of change does matter undergo?
All matter, regardless of state, undergoes
physical and chemical changes. These changes
can be microscopic or macroscopic.
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(No Transcript)
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Liquid

• A liquid will take the shape of whatever
  container it is in.
• MOLECULES are close together but they flow past
  one another.
• Molecules ARE IN motion.

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Solid

• MOLECULES have a strong bond (attraction) between
  them.
• Solids are usually hard because their molecules
  have been tightly packed together. Hold their
  shape.
• Molecules ARE IN motion.

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Gas

• Gas is everywhere in random groups of atoms.
• Gases can fill a container of any size or shape.
  Liquids can only fill the bottom of the container
  while gases can fill it entirely.
• Molecules ARE IN motion.

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Plasma

• 99 of all matter in the universe is made of
  plasma.
• A plasma is an ionized gas.
• A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity
  and is affected by magnetic fields.
• Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and
  an indefinite volume.

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Plasma Particles

• The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are
  freely streaming through the positively charged
  ions (blue).

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More Plasma!
Lightening
Fluorescent Tube
Northern Lights
Neon Lights
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Change in State Graph
 

• Change phase video clip

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Kinetic Theory

• The molecules are in constant, random motion and
  frequently collide with each other and with the
  walls of any container.

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Basis of Classification of the Four Types

• Based upon particle arrangement
• Based upon energy of particles
• Based upon distance between particles
• If you can understand this concept, then you are
  in great shape!!

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3.3 Phase Changes
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Properties of Matter
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Phase Change

• A reversible physical change that occurs when a
  substance changes from one state of matter to
  another.

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CHANGES

• Water can change from one state to another by
  adding or subtracting heat.

A solid changes to a liquid when heat is
added. ENDOTHERMIC
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• A liquid changes to a solid when you take away
  heat, or it gets colder.
• EXOTHERMIC

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Look at distance of particles
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Review - Phase Change
 

• Notice as matter moves to the next phase more
  energy is needed.
• What do you predict must happen to go in the
  other direction?

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Heat of Fusion

• DEFINITION
• Amount of heat energy which must be absorbed or
  lost to turn a solid into a liquid.
• Another word for melting.

• EXAMPLE

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Heat of Vaporization

• DEFINITION
• The amount of heat energy a liquid must absorb
  to be converted from a liquid to a gas.
• The opposite of condensation.

• EXAMPLE

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Evaporation

• DEFINITION
• The phase change of a substance from a liquid to
  a gas at temperatures below its boiling point.

• EXAMPLE

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Condensation

• DEFINITION
• The phase change of a substance from a gas or
  vapor to a liquid.

• EXAMPLE

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Sublimation

• DEFINITION
• The phase change of state from a solid to gas or
  vapor.
• Note It skips the liquid stage.

• EXAMPLE

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Deposition

• DEFINITION
• The phase change of state from a gas or vapor to
  solid.
• Note It skips the liquid stage.

• EXAMPLE

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Upcoming Quiz!!!

• You will be given a blank piece of paper to
  draw..

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Calories are a form of energy
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Why is there a flat line on the graph where the
phase change occurs?
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Notice the force between particles.
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Key Concept!!!!!
Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Temperature Change During Phase Change
Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. None
Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. None
Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. None
Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. None
Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates. None
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This is the End of Todays Lecture
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Identify the colored arrows