Title: War of 1812
1War of 1812
- Eagle is challenged
- Called Second War for Independence
2Causes of the War of 1812
- 1. Freedom of the Seas
- neutrals had the right to trade with anyone
- France and England did not accept this - _at_ war!
- both need American aid
- demanded exclusive rights
3Causes of the War of 1812
- 2. Impressment of Sailors
- merchant ships were being stopped by British
Royal Navy - taking British sailors off of American ships
- would impress Am. Sailors into the Royal Navy
4Causes of the War of 1812
- 3. Land Crazed War Hawks
- wanted more land for America expansion
- Midwest was Great American Dessert
- British Canada and Spanish Florida
- willing to go to war
- Henry Henry of the West Clay - Kentucky
- John C. Calhoun - S. Carolina
John C. Calhoun
5Causes of the War of 1812
- 4. Trouble on the Frontier
- Shawnee Tecumseh and brother, Tenskwatawa the
Prophet - envisioned Indian confederation to prevent
westward expansion in Ohio River Valley - large army of braves gathered _at_ Tippecanoe/Wabash
River - Gen. William Henry Harrison meet Indians
- defeated Indians and destroyed The Prophets town
- Battle of Tippecanoe / Old Tippecanoe
Tecumseh
6- Congress calls movement a British scheme
- supplying Indians with weapons
Battle of Tippecanoe
7Causes of the War of 1812
- 4. National Honor
- restricting freedom of seas and impressment
challenged Am. Honor - fighting for respect
- national honor at stake
8War of 1812
- President Madison Declared War
- pushed by House Speaker Henry Clay
- in his address to Congress
- impressment
- interference with neutral commerce
- British alliances with western tribes
- failed to mention real reasons
- Am. Independence and honor
- desire for more land - Canada
Pres.. Madison
9War of 1812
- America is not ready for war
- army of only 12,000
- West Point had not produced enough officers
- turned to state militia
- U.S navy small compared to Royal Navy
10War of 1812
- Divided nation
- war support came from
- west and land hungry southerners
- anti -war fever from
- New England States
- called it Mr. Madisons War
- had important economic ties with British
11War of 1812
12War of 1812
- Invasion of Canada fails
- Am. Troops meet British troops _at_ Detroit
- Indians join British forces
- surround Am. Army _at_ Detroit
- Am. Surrender without a fight
- days before Indians massacred Am. _at_ Fort Dearborn
- lost control of Northwest Territory
13War of 1812
- Naval Victories bolster morale
- 1. U.S.S. Constitution Old Ironsides defeat
British ship Guerriere
U.S.S. Constitution
14- 2. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry
- defeated small British fleet on Lake Erie
- 3 hr battle
- We have met the enemy, and they are ours.
- US controls strategic water way
Captain Oliver Perry
15War of 1812
- Battle of Thames
- Gen. William Henry Harrison on the march
- defeated British and Indian forces
- Tecumeseh is killed - ends hope of Indian unity
- win back Northwest Territory
- marches onto York (Toronto)
- burns capital of Canada to the ground
- including Parliament building
16War of 1812
- Battle of Horseshoe Bend
- Gen. Andrew Jackson fighting the Creek Indians
- decisive victory in Alabama
- opens the door for Southern states to expand later
17War of 1812
- Washington D.C. is burned
- British marched in unopposed
- retaliation for the burning of York
- Dolly Madison saves picture of Washington
18War of 1812
- The Siege of Baltimore
- Americans successfully defend the city and Fort
McHenry - Francis Scott Key writes The Star Spangled
Banner (1931)
19War of 1812
- The Treaty of Ghent
- doesnt decide issues that lead to war
- restores the pre-war status quo
- 1. boundaries between Canada and US are set
- 2. demilitarizes the Great Lakes
- 3. Oregon Territory placed under joint rule for
the next 10 years
20The Battle of New Orleans
- unaware that peace was made British attack
- Gen. Andrew Jackson is heavily outnumbered
- defend New Orleans with an elaborate system of
fortification - cotton barrels - after two British frontal assaults - Am. Inflict
massive losses
21The Battle of New Orleans
22The Battle of New Orleans
- Jackson Old Hickory becomes American hero!
In 1814 we took a little trip, Along with
Colonel Jackson down the Might Mississip. We took
a little bacon and we took a little beans, And
fought the Bloody British in the town of New
Orleans.