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War of 1812

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Title: War of 1812


1
War of 1812
  • Eagle is challenged
  • Called Second War for Independence

2
Causes of the War of 1812
  • 1. Freedom of the Seas
  • neutrals had the right to trade with anyone
  • France and England did not accept this - _at_ war!
  • both need American aid
  • demanded exclusive rights

3
Causes of the War of 1812
  • 2. Impressment of Sailors
  • merchant ships were being stopped by British
    Royal Navy
  • taking British sailors off of American ships
  • would impress Am. Sailors into the Royal Navy

4
Causes of the War of 1812
  • 3. Land Crazed War Hawks
  • wanted more land for America expansion
  • Midwest was Great American Dessert
  • British Canada and Spanish Florida
  • willing to go to war
  • Henry Henry of the West Clay - Kentucky
  • John C. Calhoun - S. Carolina

John C. Calhoun
5
Causes of the War of 1812
  • 4. Trouble on the Frontier
  • Shawnee Tecumseh and brother, Tenskwatawa the
    Prophet
  • envisioned Indian confederation to prevent
    westward expansion in Ohio River Valley
  • large army of braves gathered _at_ Tippecanoe/Wabash
    River
  • Gen. William Henry Harrison meet Indians
  • defeated Indians and destroyed The Prophets town
  • Battle of Tippecanoe / Old Tippecanoe

Tecumseh
6
  • Congress calls movement a British scheme
  • supplying Indians with weapons

Battle of Tippecanoe
7
Causes of the War of 1812
  • 4. National Honor
  • restricting freedom of seas and impressment
    challenged Am. Honor
  • fighting for respect
  • national honor at stake

8
War of 1812
  • President Madison Declared War
  • pushed by House Speaker Henry Clay
  • in his address to Congress
  • impressment
  • interference with neutral commerce
  • British alliances with western tribes
  • failed to mention real reasons
  • Am. Independence and honor
  • desire for more land - Canada

Pres.. Madison
9
War of 1812
  • America is not ready for war
  • army of only 12,000
  • West Point had not produced enough officers
  • turned to state militia
  • U.S navy small compared to Royal Navy

10
War of 1812
  • Divided nation
  • war support came from
  • west and land hungry southerners
  • anti -war fever from
  • New England States
  • called it Mr. Madisons War
  • had important economic ties with British

11
War of 1812
  • Important Battles

12
War of 1812
  • Invasion of Canada fails
  • Am. Troops meet British troops _at_ Detroit
  • Indians join British forces
  • surround Am. Army _at_ Detroit
  • Am. Surrender without a fight
  • days before Indians massacred Am. _at_ Fort Dearborn
  • lost control of Northwest Territory

13
War of 1812
  • Naval Victories bolster morale
  • 1. U.S.S. Constitution Old Ironsides defeat
    British ship Guerriere

U.S.S. Constitution
14
  • 2. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry
  • defeated small British fleet on Lake Erie
  • 3 hr battle
  • We have met the enemy, and they are ours.
  • US controls strategic water way

Captain Oliver Perry
15
War of 1812
  • Battle of Thames
  • Gen. William Henry Harrison on the march
  • defeated British and Indian forces
  • Tecumeseh is killed - ends hope of Indian unity
  • win back Northwest Territory
  • marches onto York (Toronto)
  • burns capital of Canada to the ground
  • including Parliament building

16
War of 1812
  • Battle of Horseshoe Bend
  • Gen. Andrew Jackson fighting the Creek Indians
  • decisive victory in Alabama
  • opens the door for Southern states to expand later

17
War of 1812
  • Washington D.C. is burned
  • British marched in unopposed
  • retaliation for the burning of York
  • Dolly Madison saves picture of Washington

18
War of 1812
  • The Siege of Baltimore
  • Americans successfully defend the city and Fort
    McHenry
  • Francis Scott Key writes The Star Spangled
    Banner (1931)

19
War of 1812
  • The Treaty of Ghent
  • doesnt decide issues that lead to war
  • restores the pre-war status quo
  • 1. boundaries between Canada and US are set
  • 2. demilitarizes the Great Lakes
  • 3. Oregon Territory placed under joint rule for
    the next 10 years

20
The Battle of New Orleans
  • unaware that peace was made British attack
  • Gen. Andrew Jackson is heavily outnumbered
  • defend New Orleans with an elaborate system of
    fortification - cotton barrels
  • after two British frontal assaults - Am. Inflict
    massive losses

21
The Battle of New Orleans
22
The Battle of New Orleans
  • Jackson Old Hickory becomes American hero!

In 1814 we took a little trip, Along with
Colonel Jackson down the Might Mississip. We took
a little bacon and we took a little beans, And
fought the Bloody British in the town of New
Orleans.
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