First Aid Of Wound By Dr. Hanan Said Ali

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First Aid Of Wound By
Dr. Hanan Said Ali

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Learning Objectives Define the wound.
Identify types of wounds.Enumerate
complications of open wounds. Define the
tetanusApply first aid For open wound
Perform first aid for a puncture wound .
Perform first aid for a laceration . Apply
care of the amputated part
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Definition of wond
A wound is a break in
the continuity of the tissue of the body
Wounds that cause a break in the skin are called
open wounds. These are the types of wounds that
may require stitches. Closed wounds do not have a
break in the skin and are identified by swelling
and bruises.
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There are several types of open wounds
Lacerations. This is what we are thinking of when
we say "cuts." Lacerations are simple breaks in
the skin. Incisions. Surgical wounds, which
are usually made by a scalpel. These are similar
to lacerations, but have very smooth edges.
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Punctures. It's hard to tell a puncture from a
laceration if the item that made the wound is big
enough. Lacerations tear through the skin, while
punctures go in and come back out. If the item
that made the puncture is still imbedded, it's
called an impaled object. Avulsions. These
are torn sections of skin, either a flap open on
three sides or torn away completely.
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Abrasions. These are scratches. The difference
between an abrasion and an avulsion is the depth.
Abrasions leave the skin mostly intact, while
avulsions remove the skin entirely.
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Complications of Open Wounds Infection is the
most common complication of an open wound.
Which include these signs-- Tenderness or
inflammation around the wound -- Fever --
Swelling around the wound -- Numbness around
the wound -- Red streaks around the wound
Haemorrhage and shock
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What is Tetanus?Tetanus is a serious infection
that can lead to spasms in the jaw - commonly
called Lockjaw - and possibly death. It is easily
blocked with a simple vaccination. it's time to
get a tetanus shot
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First Aid For Open Wound Reassure the victim.
protect your self against infection by wearing
latex gloves . If they are not available, use
plastic wrap. Expose the wound by
removing or cutting the clothing to see
where the blood is coming. If the wound
dirty, wash it with running water .
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Control bleeding by placing a sterile or clean
cloth over the wound and apply direct pressure
with your finger or the palm of your hand .
Retain the dressing in position with firm
bandage. If bleeding does not stop in 10
minutes press harder over a wider area for
another 10 minutes
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If bleeding is from an arm or leg , while still
applying pressure , elevate the injured area
above heart level to reduce blood flow. If
bleeding continues apply pressure at a pressure
point in combination with direct pressure over
the wound.(Brachial or femoral artery).
After stoppage of bleeding apply pressure bandage
to hold dressing on wound.
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How To Treat a Puncture Wound1-Stay Safe. If you
are with the victim, practice universal
precautions and wear personal protective
equipment if available. 2-Control bleeding
before anything else. Putting pressure directly
on the puncture wound while holding it above the
level of the heart for 15 minutes should be
enough to stop bleeding. If not, try using
pressure points. Tourniquets should be avoided
unless medical care will be delayed for several
hours.
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N.BIf the bleeding continues, apply further
dressing and pad on top of the original dressing
and bandage more firmly and not remove the first
one
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3- Deep puncture wounds (or those of unknown
depth) to the abdomen, back, pelvis, thigh,
chest, or if bleeding will not stop, call
ambulance. Also call ambulance for puncture
wounds of any depth to the neck. Holes in the
chest can lead to collapsed lungs.4- Deep
puncture wounds to the chest should be
immediately sealed by hand or with a dressing
that does not allow air to flow. Victims may
complain of shortness of breath. If the victim
gets worse after sealing the chest puncture
wound, unseal it.
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5- Once bleeding has been controlled, wash
the puncture wound with warm water and mild soap
If bleeding starts again, repeat step two. 6-
Wide puncture wounds may need stitches. If the
victim needs stitches, proceed him to the
emergency department. 7- For smaller puncture
wounds that do not require stitches, use
antiseptic ointment and cover with adhesive
bandages if available.
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How To Treat a Laceration Control bleeding
before anything else. Putting pressure directly
on the laceration while holding it above the
level of the heart for 15 minutes should be
enough to stop bleeding. If not, try using
pressure points. Tourniquets should be avoided
unless medical care will be delayed for several
hours.
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If bleeding will not stop , call ambulance
Once bleeding has stopped, wash the
laceration with warm water and mild soap If
bleeding starts again, repeat step two.
Determine if the laceration needs stitches. If
victim needs stitches, proceed to the emergency
department.
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For smaller lacerations that do not
require stitches, use antiseptic
ointment Cover the laceration with sterile
gauze and tape in place or wrap with
roller gauze.
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If an object is embedded in wound
1- put on disposable gloves if
available . press firmly on either side of
the embedded object to push the edges of the
wound together.
2- If the injury is to a victim limb , raise and
support the limb above the level of the
heart to reduce the blood loss.

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3-Help the victim to lie down on blanket to
protect him from the cold to prevent shock.
4 - Build up padding on either side of
the object . carefully bandage over it
without pressing the object .

5- Support the injured part in a raised position
with a sling and\or bandaging to minimize
swelling
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6- Dial for an Ambulance . Monitor and record
vital sign level of response .Check the
circulation beyond the bandage.
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Care of The Amputated part
1-Put on gloves then wrap the
severed part in plastic bag.
2- Wrap the
package in gauze .Place it in a container full of
crushed ice. 3-
Clearly mark the container with the time of
injury and the casualty name. Give it to the
emergency service personnel yourself.
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First Aid of Eye Wound 1-Help the victim to
lie on her back , and hold head to keep it as
still as possible. 2- Tell her to keep both
eyes still movement of the good eye will
cause movement of the injured one , which may
damage it further.
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3-Ask the victim to hold a sterile dressing or a
clean, over the affected eye.4-If it will take
some time to obtain medical help, secure the help
pad in place with a bandage. 5- Take or send
the victim to the hospital in the treatment
position.
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Thank UoY