??(trematode)

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??(trematode)

• ????? Phylum Platyhelminthes
• ??? Class Trematoda
• ??? Order Digenea

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• ??(1?)????(?????????,?????)???(???)???(??)????????
  

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• ??(1-2?)?
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• ??(Egg) ??(Miracidium)
• ??(Sporocyst) ??(Redia)
• ??(Cercaria) ??(Metacercaria)
• ??(Preadult) ??(Adult worm)

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• Clonorchis sinensis

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• ????1874??1908??

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Adult of Clonorchis sinensis
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Section of C.sinensis
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egg of Clonorchis sinensis
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The second intermediate host of C.sinensis
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Metacercariae of C.sinensis
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The first intermediate host of C.sinensis
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Endemic area of clonorchiasis sinensis
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?????????? 1986?????

• ? 55.8
• ? 74.4
• ? 3.6

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• ????? ????????? ?????????
• ??????Ab,CAg
• ??????(????)

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• ??24?? ?????????

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(No Transcript)
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???????

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• ????I?II???????????
• ???????(????)????

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• Paragonimus westermani

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The lungs of a dog infected by Paragonimus
species have a number of foci of infection
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Adult of Paragonimus westermani
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Cuticular spines of adult P.westermani
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Semisulcospira bensoni The first intermediate
host of P.westermani
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The second intermediate host of P.westermani
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Metacercariae of P. westermani
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??????????

• ?? 1773?
• ?? 2531?
• ?? 4520?
• ?? 5833?(36??)

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• ????(10NaOH)
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Paragonimus westermani infection occurs in
Asia ,Central-West Africa, South America
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• Fasciolopsis buski

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Fasciolopsis buski is endemic in China (Taiwan),
South-East Asia, Malaysia and India.
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main species of human schistosomes

• ????? Schistosoma japonicum
• (?????) ?????????
• ????? S. mansoni
• (?????) ???????
• ????? S. haematobium
• (?? ???) ?????

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?????? Schistosoma japonicum
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Distribution and Epidemic Situation

• Worldwide
• 200 million of population infected in 74
  countries
• China
• 11 million in 12 provinces ? 0.7 million in 8
  provinces

50 years
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Before control
After control (1996) Regional distribution of S.
japonicum infection in China
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Morphology

• Difference from other trematodes
• Dioecious adults
• Non-opeculate egg
• Bifurcated (forked) cercaria invades the final
  host by skin
• Adults parasitize blood vessels

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Morphology(adult)

• ????
• ????,??????(gynecophoral canal)
• ???????,????
• ????(7?)????
• ???????

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Morphology (egg)

• ???,????,?????
• ???, ?????,
• ????????
• ????

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• ???????,??????,????,????????????(SEA)?????????

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(No Transcript)
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Life cycle
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I?II

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Main Points of Life Cycle

• Residing site mesenteric vein
• I.H.(Only one) Oncomelania hupensis
• No metacercaria and redia stage
• Two generation of sporocyst
• Infective stage cercaria
• Route of infection skin penetration

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cercaria of S. japonicum

• ????????,??????????????????? ,????????????

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????
Adult of Schistosome in mesenteric veins of
hamster
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Adult worm in mesenteric venous
25 eggs are flowed into liver beds cause
egg-granuloma
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?????????

• ???????
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• (???????????????)

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????? (Tissue egg)

• ????????????????????????
• ????????????????10???, ??11?, ?????????????

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?? ??????????????????,? ?????????????????????

• ????? ?????????????????(soluble egg antigen,SEA)
  SEA????????,??T?? ??????????,?????T?????????
  ?? ????????????(??????????????????)???????,???
  ??,???????

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  ????????

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????????

• ?????I?IV??
• ????????????
• ??????III?
• ?????IV?

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• ?????? Acute schistosomiasis
• ?????? Chronic schistosomiasis
• ?????? Advanced schistosomiasis
• ?????????????????

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A patient with S. j has marked ascites,
splenomegaly,umbilical hernia and distended
superficial abdominal veins.
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• ????
• ????

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??????????
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Difference from other trematodes

• Dioecious adults ????
• Non-opeculate egg ?????
• Bifurcated (forked) cercaria invades the final
  host by skin ????????????
• Adults parasitize blood vessels ???????
• tissue eggs are the major pathogenic stage
  ???????????

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Immunity

• ??????
• ????(concomitent immunity)
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????

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Diagnosis

• ??????????????
• ????????????
• ????(Kato)?
• ???????
• ????????(ELISA)?CAg?????
• ????

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Schistosome miracidium
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??????

• ??
• ??25-30oC
• ??
• pH6.8-9.2
• ??????

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• ??????12??
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Factors of Transmission and Prevention

• Factors
• Source of infection patients and reservoir host
• Intermediate host Oncomelania
• Contact with cercaria-infected water

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Oncomelania hupensis
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???????????

S.japonicum????
S.mansoni?????
S.haematobium???
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)