Chapter 23: South Asia

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Chapter 23 South Asia
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Subcontinentlarge, distinct landmass that is
joined to a continent

• 7 countries that make up the region are separated
  from the rest of Asia by mountains
• composed of a peninsula and some small islands,
  like Sri Lanka and Maldives
• varied landscapehighest mtn range in world,
  foothills, high desert plateaus rich valleys

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Northern Landforms

• Himalaya1000 miles across on the northern edge
  of subcontinent
• hundreds of miles wide
• Mt. Everesttallest mountain in world29,035 feet
• Karakoram Mountains
• K2- 28,250 ft.

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Himalayas
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K2
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• Hindu Kushalong the northwest (Pakistan and
  Afghanistan)
• mountains prevented invasions into the region
  except for a few crossing places
• Khyber Passbetween Pakistan Afghanistan
• Connection in Silk Road

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Khyber Pass
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• wide, fertile plains at foot of mts
• Indus, Ganges Brahmaputra Rivers plains
• 1/7 of worlds people live along the Ganges Plain
  (almost 1 billion)

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Central Landforms

• Vindhya Range mountains that divide India into
  northern southern regions separates 2 distinct
  cultures too

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Southern Landforms

•   2 chains of eroded mountainsmuch older than
  the Himalayas
• Eastern and Western Ghats
• triangle of rugged hills
• Deccan Plateauin between the mountains
• Arid climate because mountains block the rainy
  winds

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• Karnataka Plateaulush green because it rains
• many spices found here
• dense rain forests
• wild elephants
• Islands
• Sri Lankabroken off piece of the subcontinent
• Maldivescoral atolls volcanic islands

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From What direction do the winter monsoon winds
come? What kind of weather do they bring?
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Riverskey to life in South Asia 3 major river
systems

• Indus Riverflows through Pakistan, empties into
  Arabian Sea
•  important for transportation
• cradle of ancient Indiaone of worlds ancient
  civilizations

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• Brahmaputra Riverruns through the Himalayas
  west into India Bangladesh
• joins Ganges River forms delta
• used as a major inland waterway
• provides 50 of Bangladeshs hydroelectric power

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Ganges Rivermost important river    

• fed by snowcapped mts
•   during summer monsoons devastating
  floods
• named for Hindu goddess Ganga
• considered to be sacred

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Ganges Plain

• most agriculturally productive area
•  most densely populated area
• worlds longest alluvial plain
• rice, sesame, sugarcane, jute beans grown
  here

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Natural Resources

•  watermajor river systems provide fertile soil,
  drinking water, transportation, hydroelectric
  power, fish
• water resource management is important because
  rivers cross national boundaries

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• energy resourcespetroleum reserves known but
  still depend on imported oil
• natural gas, uranium too but underdeveloped

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• Why is the landscape so varied in South Asia?

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• mineralsresources are rich, diverse
  widespread
•   Indialeading exporter of iron ore
•  90 of worlds micaused to make electrical
  equipment
• some minerals undeveloped
•  Sri Lankaone of worlds largest producers of
  graphite, sapphires, rubies, other precious and
  semi-precious stones

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Timberforests in Nepal Bhutan

•  Severe overcutting is a problem
•  Conservation plans being implemented
•   Sri Lanka-banned timber exports to protect rain
  forest

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Tropical Subtropical

• rain forest-west coast of India, Ganges Delta,
  southern Sri Lanka tropical forest
• savannasurrounds central Indian steppe eastern
  Sri Lankawet dry seasons grasslands trees
• humid subtropicalNepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh NE
  India mixed forests

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highlands

• coldest along northern edge
• snow-capped year round in some places
• little vegetation
• foot of mountainsgrasslands bamboo

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Dry climates

• Desert along lower Indus River and
• Great Indian Desert
• Steppesurrounds the deserts except on coast and
  through center of the Deccan Plateau grasslands

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Monsoon

• What are the monsoons?
• How do they affect South Asian life and economy?

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Monsoons

• 3 seasons
• Hot (late Feb. to June)
• Wet (June or July to Sept.)
• Cool (October to late Feb.)
• All depend on seasonal winds
• Winter winds
• Summer winds

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Natural Disasters

• Droughts
• Monsoons
• Why?
• Cyclone
• Hurricanes
• Sustained winds of 74 mph
• Tsunami

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