Lecture 4: Origin of 911 (II)

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Lecture 4 Origin of 911 (II) Theory of the
Clash of Civilizations

• 12th February 2003 (Wednesday)

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Announcements

• Powerpoint Uploading
• Lecture Scripts
• Examination Format
• ID Explanations
• Multiple-Choice Questions
• Short Questions of Final Examination
• Grading
• Session Quota
• Class Website

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Three Co-circles of 911 Origins

• Within Macro Origins
• Islamic Fundamentalism Ethics
  (single-sided)
• Clash of Civilizations
  Culture History
• American Perspectives

Reality
Culture
Reality
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Structure of Lecture 4

• Intellectual Response towards 911
• Samuel Huntington and the Theory of the Clash of
  Civilizations
• Credits to the Theory
• Challenges against the Theory
• Conclusion a Self-exercising Prophecy?

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PART IIntellectual Response to 911
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3 Stages of Intellectual Response

• Surprised
• WWIII?
• Why the American government failed to predict?
• Surreal
• Honeymoon of Scholars
• Sarcastic
• The Media Preference
• Criticism towards Samuel Huntington

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PART IISamuel Huntington and his theory of the
Clash of Civilizations
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Samuel Huntington (1957-)

• Albert J Weatherhead III Institute, Harvard
  University
• Political Scientist International Relations
• Clientalism of US Local Government and
  Corporations
• The Third Wave of Democratization
• The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
  World Order (1993)

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World Systemic Transformation

• 1815-1870 Balance of Power System
• Vs
• 1870-1914 Bismarkian System
• Vs
• 1918-1939 Interwar System

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World System Transformation II

• 1945-1991 Bipolar System
• Vs
• 1991- Unipolar System?
• 1991- Clash of Civilizations?
• Michael Roskin and Nicholas Berry The New World
  of International Relations. New Jersey Upper
  Saddle River, 2002 (5th Edition).

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The Major Civilizations

• Western Civilization
• Slavic/ Orthodox Civilization
• Hindu Civilization
• Islamic Civilization
• Sinic Civilization
• Japanese Civilization
• Latin American Civilization
• African Civilization
• Buddhist Civilization

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Why Clash of Civilizations?

• Civilization as a Covalent Bond
• Historical Conflict between Bonds
• Why after Cold War?
• Ideological Bankruptcy/ Revival of Religions
• Globalization Politics of Alliance
• Population and Economic Revolution
• Decline of Western Civilization
• ? Challengers and the Challenged

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The World of Huntington
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Inter-civilizational Relationship

• Friendly Relationship
• Sinic and Africa Slavic and Hindu
• Neutral Relationship
• Sinic and Latin America
• Hostile Relationship
• Islamic and the West/ Islamic and the Rest?!
• The Bush Question
• Why do they hate us so much?
• Huntington Islam has bloody borders.

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The Huntingtonian Concept of Fault Lines

• Fault lines borders between different
  civilizations that are likely to clash
• Sinic Vs Hindu Civilization
• The Tibetan Plateau
• Sinic Vs Western Civilization
• Hong Kong?!
• Western Vs Islamic Civilization
• Where? Geographical Fault Line?
• Invisible Fault Line 911?

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WWIII (2010) of Huntington

• USA withdrew army from East Asia
• Taiwan accepted PRC authority
• Fault Line
• South China Sea Oil Sea
• China Vs Vietnam (pro-Western).?
• Vs

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PART IIICredits to the Theory
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Rule of Sameness (I)

• Islamic Vs Western
• Palestine (and the Arabic World) Vs Israel
• Islamic Vs Slavic
• Chechenya Vs Russia
• Bosnian Muslims/ Kosovan Muslims Vs Yugoslavian
  Serbs

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Rule of Sameness (II)

• Islamic Vs Hindu
• Pakistan Vs India
• Islamic Vs Sinic
• East Turkestan in Xinjiang Vs China
• Revival of Rightist Movement in Europe
• Le Pen Vs Muslims (France)
• 911 the Modus Operandi?

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PART IV Challenges against the Theory
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Assigned Readings

• Main Text Chris Brown Narratives of Religion,
  Civilization and Modernity
• (BD P.293-302)
• Supplementary Text Samuel Huntington. The Clash
  of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.
  London Simon and Schuster, 2002 (reprint).

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The Rule of DifferencesCounter-examples (I)

• Islamic Not Vs Western
• USA Vs Internal Muslim Associations after Malcolm
  X
• Islamic Not Vs Slavic
• Russia Vs Central Asian Republics (Kazakhstan,
  Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan)

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Counter-examples (II)

• Islamic Not Vs Hindu
• India Vs Bangladesh
• Islamic Not Vs Africa
• Organization of African Unity
• The Many Neglected Cases
• Clash Within Civilizations?
• Hinduism Vs Sikhism

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Social Science Theories

• Science Theories
• Social Science Theories
• Hypothesis ? Theory ? Law ? Model
• What step(s) is(are) missing?
• Against Over-generalization
• The Egg and Chicken Analogy

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Conclusion the Self-Exercising Prophecy?
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Huntington Says

• 911 is an example of the Clash of Civilizations
  between Islamic and Western
• Not single in history
• More Islamic against the Rest to come
• Current issues in Russia, India, Palestine,
  Indonesia, etc can prove his theory

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Simon Says

• The Clash of Civilization is an
  Over-generalization
• Why 911 was not organized by other clashing
  civilizations against the Western, e.g. China?
• Why is globalization still progressing? Why are
  there increasing multi-ethnic countries?
• 911 symbolizes the hatred between Muslims and
  Americans
• ? But cant symbolize a total hatred between
  civilizations

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The Self-exercising Prophecy

• Self-exercising Prophecy
• Story of Evil Cults
• World Leaders towards the Clash of Civilizations
  Theory
• Trouble-makers towards the Clash of
  Civilizations Theory
• Huntington as an Intellectual, Politician,
  Business, Prophet, or Self-exercising Prophet?

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To play the adults game, To take the adults
responsibility Nicholas Tze
The End
Thank you for attending