The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs, and Verb Tenses

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The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs,
and Verb Tenses

• Unit Verbs and Sentence Structure

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The Principal Parts of Verbs

• Verbs take different forms in order to indicate
  time. These forms of verbs are tenses.
• She talks about her plans expresses action in
  the present.
• She talked about her plans expresses action
  that occurred in the past.
• To use the tenses correctly, you must know how to
  form the principal parts of verbs.

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The Principal Parts of Verbs

• The Principal Parts of the Verb Talk
• Present talk
• Present Participle (am, is, are, was, were)
  talking
• Past talked
• Past Participle (have, has, had) talked

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The Principal Parts of Verbs

• The Principal Parts of Regular Verbs
• Present most basic form of the verb
• save
• Present Participle helping verb am, is, are,
  was, or were verb with ing ending
• am saving
• Past verb with ed ending
• saved
• Past Participle helping verb have, has, or had
  verb with ed ending
• have saved

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The Principal Parts of Verbs

• The Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs
• Irregular verbs do not follow the same pattern as
  regular verbs when forming the past and past
  participle.
• You will need to memorize these exceptions.
• When in doubt in your writing, look up the
  correct way to form the past and part participle
  of any verb.

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Using Irregular Verbs

• To Run
• Present run
• Present Participle am running
• Past ran (not runned)
• Past Participle have run (not have runned)

• To Write
• Present write
• Present Participle am writing
• Past wrote
• Past Participle have written

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Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs

• To Lay
• Present lay
• Present Participle am laying
• Past laid
• Past Participle have laid
• Use to mean to put something down or to place
  (something)
• Almost always followed by a direct object
• The sailors laid their uniforms on the bed.

• To Lie
• Present lie
• Present Participle am lying
• Past lay
• Past Participle have lain
• Use to mean to rest in a reclining position or
  to be situated
• Never followed by a direct object
• The sailors lay down on the narrow bunk.

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Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs

• To Set
• Present set
• Present Participle am setting
• Past set
• Past Participle have set
• Use to mean to put something in a certain place
  or position
• Usually followed by a direct object.
• He set the glasses gingerly in the sink.

• To Sit
• Present sit
• Present Participle am sitting
• Past sat
• Past Participle have sat
• Use to mean to be seated or to rest
• Usually not followed by a direct object.
• We sat on the floor.

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Verb Tenses

• In verbs, the tense shows the time of action or
  state of being.
• Use the principal parts of verbs to form the six
  basic tenses.
• The Basic Verb Tenses
• Present
• I eat pizza often.
• I always order from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action that happens over and over.
• Principal part present
• Uses no helping verbs.

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Verb Tenses

• The Basic Verb Tenses
• Past
• I ate pizza last night.
• I ordered from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action that happened in the past.
• Principal part past
• Uses no helping verbs
• Future
• I will eat pizza tonight.
• I will order from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action that will happen in the future.
• Principal part present
• Uses helping verb will

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Verb Tenses

• The Perfect Verb Tenses indicate that an action
  has been completed.
• Present Perfect
• I have eaten pizza many times.
• He has ordered from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action completed often.
• Principal part past participle
• Uses helping verbs have or has
• Past Perfect
• I had eaten pizza before you called.
• He had ordered from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action completed in the past.
• Principal part past participle
• Uses helping verb had

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Verb Tenses

• The Perfect Verb Tenses indicate that an action
  has been completed.
• Future Perfect
• I will have eaten pizza many times by the end of
  the year.
• Indicates action that will be completed in the
  future.
• Principal part past participle
• Uses helping verbs will and have

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Verb Tenses

• The Progressive Forms indicate an action that
  is in progress.
• Present Progressive
• I am eating pizza.
• He is ordering from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action in process of being completed.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verbs am, is, are
• Past Progressive
• I was eating pizza when you called.
• You were ordering from Pizza Hut.
• Indicates action that was in the process of being
  completed in the past.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verb was or were

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Verb Tenses

• Future Progressive
• I will be eating pizza for dinner tonight.
• Indicates action that will be in process in the
  future.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verbs will and be

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Verb Tenses

• The Progressive Perfect Forms indicate
  completion of an ongoing action.
• Present Perfect Progressive
• I have been eating pizza since I was little.
• Indicates action often in the process of being
  completed.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verbs have and been
• Past Perfect Progressive
• I had been eating pizza, but I stopped
• Indicates action was in process, but now is
  completed.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verb had and been

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Verb Tenses

• Future Perfect Progressive
• On my net birthday, I will have been eating pizza
  for eleven years.
• Indicates action that has been completed before
  but will be in progress in the future.
• Principal part present participle
• Uses helping verbs will, have, and been

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Verb Tenses

• Now, why did we just learn all of this?
• Because in your writing, you need to keep your
  tenses consistent.
• Choose the best tense for the situation (past,
  present, or future) and be consistent throughout
  the entire piece.