Containment of Bioterrorism Agents

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Containment of Bioterrorism Agents
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Containment of Bioterrorism Agents

• If patients are already ill, the emphasis is not
  decontamination but rather respiratory isolation
  of the patient with employment of standard
  precautions until the agent is known
• Need to use masks

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Isolation practices

• Standard precautions
• Additional precautions for smallpox and plague

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Isolation for Smallpox Patients

• Put into a negative air-pressure room
• Get names and locations for all people that have
  been exposed
• If facility does not have a negative air-pressure
  room, transfer them to one who does
• Healthcare workers should wear an N95 mask,
  gowns, and gloves

• Only vacinated people should perform an autopsy
  or burial preparations

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• How can the general public protect themselves
  from bioterrorism agents?
• a Follow standard precautions
• b Avoid travel to Washington D.C. and New
  York City
• c Sterilize household items

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• How can the general public protect themselves
  from bioterrorism agents?
• a Follow standard precautions
• b Avoid travel to Washington D.C. and New
  York City
• c Sterilize household items

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Patient Placement

• Routine if small scale
• Grouping affected patients if large scale

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• How would a health care system manage victims in
  a large scale bioterrorism attack?
• a Transport victims to various hospitals to
  share the responsibility of giving care.
• b Group affected victims together in the same
  facility
• c Open up a special isolation hospital for
  long term care of victims
• d Provide routine patient care

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• How would a health care system manage victims in
  a large scale bioterrorism attack?
• a Transport victims to various hospitals to
  share the responsibility of giving care.
• b Group affected victims together in the same
  facility
• c Open up a special isolation hospital for
  long term care of victims
• d Provide routine patient care

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Patient transport

• Limited to movement that is essential

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• An American man is in Spain on vacation and is
  the victim of a bioterrorism attack. How should
  he be treated?
• a He should be immediately transported back to
  the USA for medical care.
• b He should be transported back to the USA only
  if he is in critical condition.
• c He should be treated in Spain until he is
  noninfectious.
• d He should be transferred to the closest
  American military hospital.

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• An American man is in Spain on vacation and is
  the victim of a bioterrorism attack. How should
  he be treated?
• a He should be immediately transported back to
  the USA for medical care.
• b He should be transported back to the USA only
  if he is in critical condition.
• c He should be treated in Spain until he is
  noninfectious.
• d He should be transferred to the closest
  American military hospital.

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Post - mortem care

• Notify pathology
• Provide instructions to funeral director
• Plague / Smallpox
• cremation

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• Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of
  equipment and environment- follow standard
  precautions

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Discharge management

• Discharge when noninfectious
• Home care if large numbers of persons exposed
  with instruction on barrier precautions, hand
  washing, waste management, cleaning and
  disinfection of environment and patient care
  items.

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• A large scale bioterrorism attack has occurred
  and the director of the health department has
  determined that those victims who are least
  symptomatic can be cared for at home. What will
  need to be done to prepare for home care?
• a Instruction on barrier precautions,
  handwashing, and cleaning
• b Isolation signs will need to be posted around
  the outside of the house
• c No special actions are needed

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• A large scale bioterrorism attack has occurred
  and the director of the health department has
  determined that those victims who are least
  symptomatic can be cared for at home. What will
  need to be done to prepare for home care?
• a Instruction on barrier precautions,
  handwashing, and cleaning
• b Isolation signs will need to be posted around
  the outside of the house
• c No special actions are needed

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• A patient has died from a bioterrorist attack.
  Would a funeral director be told the cause of
  death?
• a Yes, because special post-mortem precautions
  must be taken.
• b No. Disclosure of cause of death would
  violate HIPPA rules.
• c No, because the director might refuse the
  patient.

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• A patient has died from a bioterrorist attack.
  Would a funeral director be told the cause of
  death?
• a Yes, because special post-mortem precautions
  must be taken.
• b No. Disclosure of cause of death would
  violate HIPPA rules.
• c No, because the director might refuse the
  patient.

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Hand washing technique
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• When washing hands, what is the best water
  temperature to use?
• a Cold
• b Cool
• c Warm
• d Hot

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• When washing hands, what is the best water
  temperature to use?
• a Cold
• b Cool
• c Warm
• d Hot

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• An early example of a biological agent being used
  to kill, was when the British used blankets
  infected with what organism to infect American
  Indians?
• A) ebola
• B) anthrax
• C) Smallpox

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• An early example of a biological agent being used
  to kill, was when the British used blankets
  infected with what organism to infect American
  Indians?
• A) ebola
• B) anthrax
• C) Smallpox