Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

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Comparative Digestive SystemsTopic 3024

• Amanda Moore
• Torey Birchmeier
• Modified by
• Ashlee Gibson

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Digestive Systems Overviews
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Digestion

• Digestion Breaking down large, nutrient
  macromolecules into simpler molecules for use by
  an organism.
• Food enters the mouth and goes through mechanical
  and chemical changes as it passes through the
  alimentary canal.

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Types of Stomachs

• Simple Stomach
• Man, Pig
• Complex Stomach
• Cattle, Sheep, Goats
• Simple Stomach with enlarged ceacum
• Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs

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Parts of Digestive Tract

• Mouth initial opening of alimentary canal
• Salivary Glands
• secrete juices that contain enzymes to help break
  up the food
• Mastication
• chewing, crushing, preparing food for swallowing

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Parts of Digestive Tract

• Pharynx funnel shaped muscle between mouth and
  esophagus
• part of digestive and respiratory tracts
• Esophagus muscular tube connecting pharnyx to
  stomach
• muscle contractions move food down to stomach

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Parts of Digestive Tract

• Stomach located between esophagus and small
  intestine
• Two basics types
• Simple
• Ruminant

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Parts of Digestive Tract

• Simple Stomach
• Humans, swine, rabbits and horses
• Divided into three regions
• cardiac
• fundus
• pylorus

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Simple Stomach

• Digestion
• is mechanical, muscle contractions
• is chemical, enzymes soften and break down
  macromolecules of food
• enzymes are catalysts, they start the chemical
  reactions

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Simple Stomach

• Enzymes that break down food
• Gastric-break down proteins in stomach
• Liver and pancreatic-break down fats in small
  intestine
• Intestinal-break down carbohydrates and proteins
  in small intestine

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Parts of Digestion Tract

• Ruminant Stomach
• Sheep, Cows and Goats
• Occupies 3/4 of the abdominal cavity

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Four Components of Ruminant Stomach

• Rumen
• composes 80 of ruminant stomach in mature bovine
  animals and 30 in young animals
• Reticulum
• composes about 5 of bovine stomach
• prevents indigestible objects from entering the
  stomach

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Four Components of Ruminant Stomach

• Omasum
• composes 7-8 of bovine stomach
• absorbs mostly water
• Abomasum
• the true stomach
• composes 7-8 of stomach in mature animals and
  70 in young animals

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Digestion in the Ruminant Stomach

• Rumination The process of regurgitation,
  re-mastication, re-salivation and re-swallowing
  of food.
• Purpose To smash and break up food which
  provides more surface area bacteria to break down

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Parts of Digestive Tract

• Small Intestine long, coiled tube connecting
  the stomach with the large intestine.
• Is covered by villi which increases surface area
  to increase absorption
• Food moves through by muscle contractions called
  peristaltic movement
• Final breakdown and absorption of nutrients
  occurs here

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Parts of the Digestive Tract

• Large Intestine
• Includes cecum, colon and rectum
• Absorbs water
• Very little nutrient absorption takes place here

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Parts of the Digestive Tract

• Accessory Organs
• Pancreas
• produces and secretes digestive enzymes
• produces insulin which regulates carbohydrate
  metabolism
• Liver
• produces bile-breaks down fatty acids
• stores iron, handles fats and carbohydrates in
  the blood