Intro to Plants and Non-vascular plants IN: 81a

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Intro to Plantsand Non-vascular plantsIN 81a
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General Characteristics

• Autotrophic
• Multicellular
• Non-motile
• Eukaryotic
• Cell Wall made of Cellulose
• Exhibit alternation of generation life cycle
• Evolved from green algae

How do you know this cell is eukaryotic?
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What do Cladograms show us?
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Essentials for survival

• 1. Light
• 2.Water and minerals
• 3.Gas exchange ability
• 4.Ability to move water and nutrients

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Plant Adaptations to Life on Land
Place the leaf cross-section on IN 80a

1. Cuticle- waxy protective outer covering helps to
   prevent water loss injury

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• 2. stomata- openings on underside of the leaf
  that allow gas exchange prevent excessive
  water loss from the plant (transpiration)
• Day-open (most of the time), release water
• oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
• Night- close to prevent water loss

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3. Cellulose-carbohydrate that strengthens the
stems found in plant cell walls
In which group of organic compounds would you
place cellulose?
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4. Spores, seeds, fruits- reproductive
structures 5. Leaves- photosynthetic organs 6.
Roots- organs to help anchor and absorb water
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Vascular Nonvascular Plants

• 2. Vascular
• Plants which contain vessels for transport
• xylem- vessels transporting water minerals up
  to leaves
• Phloem- vessel transporting sugar down to roots
• Cambium- found btw xylem phloem makes new
  xylem phloem
• Example-flowers, trees

• Nonvascular
• Plants without vessels for water mineral
  transport
• No true roots,stems or leaves
• Example-mosses

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Nonvascular Plants
moss

1. AKA Bryophytes Division name
2. Ex. Mosses, liverworts,hornworts
3. Small, soft plants which grow in clumps
4. Absorbs water like a sponge
5. Live in moist, shaded areas
6. Small in size (1-2 cm)
7. Pioneer plants break down rock
8. Grow close to the ground
9. Depend on water for reproduction.
10. No true roots, stems or leaves

liverwort
hornwort
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Reproduction in Mosses
a. alternation of generations alternation
between haploid diploid stages b.
Gametophyte- body form which
produces gametes c. Sporophyte-
form which produces
spores, grows from a gametophyte
relies on it for water minerals
capsule
sporophyte
stalk
Stemlikestructure
Leaflike structure
gametophyte
Label the moss diagram on your left page IN
80b
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Steps in reproductive cycle of a Moss IN80b
1. Spore(n) germinate form gametophyte (n)
generation. 2. Antheridium- forms male
gametes(sperm) ay tips of gametophyte 3.
Archegonium- forms female gametes(egg) at tips of
gametophyte. 4. Sperm fertilizes egg zygote
(2n) is formed 5. Zygote divides and forms
sporophtye (2n)
n
n
2n
n
2n
n