2-3 Carbon Compounds: Organic Biomolecules

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2-3 Carbon CompoundsOrganic Biomolecules

• What is a compound?
• What do you think a carbon compound is?

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Carbonsproperties

• Carbon is very versatile
• It can bond with other carbon atoms
• It can form strong covalent bonds with many
  different elements
• 95 of the body is only made of 6 elements C H O
  N P S
• It can make four bonds at a time
• 4 single bonds
• 2 double bonds
• 1 double bond 2 singles
• 1 triple bond 1 single bond
• It can make bonds in many different shapes
• Sheets, Rings, Branches, Long chains, Buckieballs

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Carbon Bonds
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CarbonFunctions of organic biomolecules found
in living things

• Carbohydrates
• energy structure
• Lipids
• storage, protection sending chemical messages
  as hormones steroids
• Nucleic acids
• DNA RNA, store transmit hereditary
• Proteins
• metabolism, structure, fight disease, enzymes
  control the rate of reactions

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Macromolecules

• What does mer mean?
• Part or piece
• What does mono mean?
• one
• What does poly mean?
• many
• So What is a monomer?
• One piece is a monomer. like a lego block
• What is a polymer?
• Add many of those pieces together and you get a
  polymer!like a finished lego project.

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Polymerization

• Adding monomers together to make a polymer!
• This is achieved by dehydration synthesis.

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Dehydration Synthesis

• What does dehydrate mean?
• Take out water
• What does synthesis mean?
• To make
• So dehydration synthesis is..
• Making something by taking water out
• Making a polymer by removing water and making
  room for a bond between monomers

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Start with monomers
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End with a polymer water
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Dehydration Synthesis beginning to end
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Hydrolysis

• What does hydro mean?
• water
• What does lysis mean?
• Lysis sounds like slices!
• So, hydrolysis means..
• Breaking bonds in a polymer to get monomers by
  adding water

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Dehydration synthesis is the reverse of
hydrolysis!
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Carbohydrates

• What do you think carbo means?
• carbon
• What does hydrate mean?
• water
• What does mono mean?
• one
• What does tri mean?
• three
• What does poly mean?
• many
• What does saccharide mean?
• sugar

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Carbohydrates

• Carbon-water -CH2O
• Main source of energy for living things
• Used for structure in some
• Supplies energy for all cell activities
• are also known as saccharides (sugars)
• Monosaccharides are the smallest unit (monomers)
• Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
• Disaccharides found as simple sugars
• Sucrose , Lactose
• Polysaccharides used as storage and structure
  (polymers)
• Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

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Monosaccharides -the monomers
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Monosaccharide monosacharide DisaccharideIs
that dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?
Disaccharide
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Dehydration Synthesis
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What do you think this is?
How many rings do you see?
Tri 3
Trisaccharide!
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Polysaccharide -starches
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What Contains Carbohydrates?
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What contains Carbohydrates? Which are better
for you?
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Lipids

• Fats, oils, and waxes
• Look like the letter E
• Mostly carbon and hydrogen
• Very little oxygen
• Many are formed by combining glycerol (green)
  with 3 fatty acid chains (red)
• o Stores energy
• o Helps form membranes
• o Waterproof coverings
• o Chemical messengers
• o Steroids (hormones)

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What contains lipids?
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Saturated Lipids
Solid at room temperature!

• Full of Hydrogens
• Only single bonds between C H

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Unsaturated Lipids
Liquid at room temperature

• Has at least one double or triple bond between C
  H

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Polyunsaturated Lipids
This is still an E just flipped around!

• More than one double or triple bond between C H

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Nucleic Acids

• Biomolecules that transmit and store genetic
  information
• Formed from
• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
  phosphorous
• Monomers are nucleotides
• Three parts
• 5-carbon sugar ring
• A phosphate group
• A nitrogen base
  
• Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine or Uracil
  
• Two types of polymers
• RNA ribonucleic acid
• DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

A Nucleotide
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What contains Nucleic AcidsCan you see the
monomers?
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Proteins (polypeptides)

• Formed from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
  nitrogen.
• Monomers are amino acids
• Three parts
• An amine group on one side.(NH2)
• A carboxyl on the other (COOH)
• changeable group called R
• 20 different type
• Proteins are necessary for life
• Control the rate of reactions
• Regulate cell processes
• Form body parts such as bones, skin, hair, nails,
  muscles
• Transport substances in and out of cells
• Help fight disease

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Amino Acids Monomers of Protein
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Making a ProteinAdd amino acids together!
Is this dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?
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What contains Proteins?
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Pizza?

• Which bimolecules are found in pizza. Explain.

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What do you think would happen if someone
followed the Atkins diet?How do vegetarians
get protein?What if they didnt eat those
foods?What if you cut out all fat in your diet?