The Present Subjunctive Tense

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The Present Subjunctive Tense
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In Spanish . . .

• There is more than 1 present tense!
• The present indicative tense
• Used to tell what is happening now
• The present subjunctive tense
• Used after expressions of hope or wishes

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In English . . .

• A special verb form is not required after
  expressions of hope.
• I hope that you do the homework.
• In Spanish, however, it is different!

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The Subjunctive

• We use it to say what one person does or doesnt
  want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to
  do.

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The special verb form

• The present subjunctive will seem very familiar
  to you . . .
• Use the present subjunctive after the phrase
  OJALÁ QUE to express hope.

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The Present Subjunctive

• Start with the YO form
• Drop the -O
• Add opposite vowel ending
• -AR e, es, e, emos, en
• -ER/-IR a, as, a, amos, an
• NOTICE! The YO and the ÉL forms are the same!
  Include the subject in your sentence
• to clarify!

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Subjunctive v. Indicative

• Indicative sentence
• Hablamos español hoy.
• We speak Spanish today
• Subjunctive sentence
• Ojalá que hablemos español hoy.
• Its hoped that we speak Spanish today.

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The Subjunctive

• A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has
  two parts connected by the word que.
• For example

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The Subjunctive

• Quiero que tú respires lentamente.
• I want you to breathe slowly.

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The Subjunctive

• Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
• I suggest that you drink water before running.

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The Subjunctive

• You can also suggest more general or impersonal
  ideas using expressions such as
• es necesario
• es bueno
• es importante
• followed by que and a form of the present
  subjunctive.

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The Subjunctive

• Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.
• Its necessary that you do exercise.
• Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.
• Its important that the young people eat well.

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The Subjunctive

• Verbs that are often followed by que
  subjunctive
• Decir
• Insistir en
• Necesitar
• Permitir
• Preferir (e gt ie)

• Prohibir
• Querer (e gt ie)
• Recomendar (e gt ie)
• Sugerir (e gt ie)

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SALTAR to jump

• salte
• saltes
• salte

• saltemos
• saltéis
• salten

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CONOCER to know

• conozca
• conozcas
• conozca

• conozcamos
• conozcáis
• conozcan

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DECIR to say/tell

• diga
• digas
• diga

• digamos
• digáis
• digan

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• caerse
• decir
• hacer
• poner
• salir

• tener
• traer

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• Also verbs ending in car, -gar, and zar have a
  spell change in order to maintain the original
  sound.

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar
busco
busque
pagar
pago
pague
cruzar
cruzo
cruce
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• Stem-changing verbs that end in ar or
• -er require the same change.
• Example
• Empezar (ie) Contar (ue) Jugar (ue)
• empiece cuente juegue
• empieces cuentes juegues
• empiece cuente juegue
• empecemos contemos juguemos
• empiecen cuenten jueguen

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• Stem-changing verbs ending in ir have two
  changes. Use the first change for all forms of
  the present-tense subjunctive except for the
  nosotros and vosotros from where the second
  change should be used.
• Sentir (ie,i) dormir (ue,u) pedir (i,i)
• sienta duerma pida
• sientas duermas pidas
• sienta duerma pida
• sintamos durmamos pidamos
• sintáis durmáis pidáis
• sientan duerman pidan

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• The following verbs are irregular in the
  present-tense subjunctive. They do not have a
  present-tense indicative yo form that ends in o.
• dar estar ir saber
  ser
• dé esté vaya sepa sea
• des estés vayas sepas seas
• dé esté vaya sepa sea
• demos estemos vayamos sepamos seamos
• den estén vayan sepan sean