Nominal SVP (Sound Velocity Profile)

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Nominal SVP (Sound Velocity Profile)
Layer
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Typical SVP
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Gradients and Bending
Iso-speed
positive
negative
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Surface Duct Surface Shadow Zone
SVP
positive
SVP
negative
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Surface Shadow Zone Implications
Originally called the afternoon effect
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Convergence Zone
Depth Excess gt 300 fathoms
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CZ Effect on Transmission Loss (TL)
TL (dB)
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Deep Shadow Zones
BD 17(LD)1/2 if LD lt 60m. BD LD 60m
if LD gt 60m.
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Deep sound channel
range
Sound speed
depth
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Mixed Layer Example
D 40 m L 100 m C1 1500 m/s g 0.017 s-1
S

• Find sound speed at S and at bottom of layer
• Angle of the rays at the source
• Angle of the rays at the surface
• Radius of curvature of the ray
• Skip distance , X

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Mixed Layer
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Summary
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