?????????????????????? (Physical Properties of Soils) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

?????????????????????? (Physical Properties of Soils)

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Title: (Physical Properties of Soils) Author: DRN Last modified by: User Created Date – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?????????????????????? (Physical Properties of Soils)


1
?????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????- ????????- ??????????????-
    ??? ??????????????????????

2
  • ????????????? (mineral matter)
  • 45 ??????????
  • ???????????? (organic matter)
  • 5??????????
  • ??? 25??????????
  • ????? 25??????????

3
?????????????????????
????????(???????????????????????????)
?????????????????????(?????????????????)
?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ???????? ???
4
????????????????????
  • 1. ?????????????????????
  • ????????????????????? ??????
  • 2. ???????????????????
  • 3. ????????????????

5
????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????? ??????? ?????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????????
  • ??????????????????? ???????????
  • ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????????
    ?????????? ?????????????
  • ????????? ???????????????????????

6
?????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????? (sand) ???? 0.05 - 2.0 ??.
  • ?????????????? (silt) ???? 0.002 - 0.05 ??.
  • ??????????????? (clay) ???? lt 0.002 ??.

7
?????????????????????????????????????????????
8
Soil physical properties triangular
9
????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • (disturbed soil sampling)
  • ???????????? ????? ???
  • ???????????????????????????
  • (undisturbed soil sampling)
  • ????????????????????? ???????????????

10
????????????????????? ???????? (Soil
Texture) ??? ???????????????????
? ????????????????????? ?????????????
11
???????????? (soil structure)
???????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????

12
???????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ?????? ???????
  • ????????????????? (massive)
  • ?????? ???????????????

13
??????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????

14
????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • (Particle density, Ds)
  • ??????????????
  • (Bulk density, Db)
  • ??????????????
  • (Total porosity)

15
??????????? (Compaction) ?????????????????????????
?? (pore space)
16
  • ??? Db ???????????????????
  • ??? Db 1.3 g/cm3 ?
  • non-limiting crop growth
  • ??? Db 2.1 g/cm3 ?
  • limiting crop growth
  • Singh et al. (1992)

17
  • ??? Db ???????? root growth
  • Clay loam 1.55 g/cm3
  • Silt loam 1.65 g/cm3
  • Fine sandy loams 1.80 g/cm3
  • Loamy fine sands 1.85 g/cm3
  • Bowen (1981)

18
  • ??? Db ?????????????????????????????
  • Clay soil gt 1.2 g/cm3
  • Loam soil gt 1.6 g/cm3
  • Sandy loam gt 1.8 g/cm3
  • Kar et al. (1976)

19
????????????????? (Soil Porosity)
  • Macro-pores gt 0.05
    mm.
  • Micro-pores lt 0.05 mm.
  • ??? Porosity 25 ??????????????
    ???
  • ??? Porosity 50 ??????????????
    ????????
  • ??? Porosity 65 ????????????????
    ?????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????

20
???????? (Water in Soil)?????????????????????????
(Hydraulic Conductivity)
  • ???????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ?????????????

21
???????????????????????????????????????
(saturated hydraulic conductivity)
????????? (Ks) ????/??? (Infiltration rate) ???????????????? Conductivity class
lt 0.2 ??????
0.2-0.5 ???
0.5-1.4 ??????????
1.4-1.9 ???????????
1.9-3.0 ????
gt 3.0 ???????
22
(No Transcript)
23
??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? 1/3 bar
(?????????????? Field Capacity) 15 bar
(?????????????????????? Permanent
Wilting Point)
??????????????????????????????
?????????????????????
24
???????????????????????? (available water)
  • ????????????????????????? 0.2 - 20 µm
  • ????????????????????????????? (available water
    capacity, AWCA)
  • ??????????????????????????????????? (FC)
    ???????????????? (PWP) ????
  • AWCA FC PWP

25
????? ??????????????
26
Available Water Capacities of Soils
  • Texture class AWC (mm. water/ m.
    soil)
  • Clay 200
  • Clay loam 200
  • Silt loam 208
  • Clay loam 200
  • Loam 175
  • Fine sandy loam 142
  • Sandy loam 125
  • Loamy sand 100
  • Sand 83

27
???? ???????????????/?????????????
  • 1. ???????? (soil texture)
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????? ???????? 3 ????????? ???
    ????????????????? ????????????????????
    ???????????????????????
  • ???????????? ?????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
    ? ???????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????
    ? ??????????????????? ????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????

28
???? ???????????????/?????????????
  • 2. ????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??
  • ?????????????????????????? ????? 2 ????
    ???
  • ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????
    ???????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????

29
???? ???????????????/?????????????
  • 3. ????????
  • ???????????????????????? 0.1 ????/???
  • ????????????????????? ????????????????????
    ???? ??????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????? 0.1-1.0 ????/???
  • ???????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
    ?????????????
  • ????????????????????? 1.0 ????/???
  • ???????????????? ???????????????????????????
    ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????

30
Idealized soil water extraction pattern of crop.
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