Welcome to Daniel Painter

1
Welcome to Daniel Painters Architectural
Engineering Senior Thesis Presentation of Two
Freedom Square
April 16, 2003Pennsylvania State University
2
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

3
Background Information

• Located in Reston, Virginia
• Part of Reston Town Center
• Seven Miles from Dulles Airport
• 16-story Office Building
• 450,000 Square Feet
• 2nd building of a two building complex
• Total Cost 42 million
• Start and Finish Dates
• October 24, 2000
• June 15, 2002
• Building Code BOCA 1996

4
Important People

• Owner Boston Properties
• Architect SmithGroup, Inc.
• Structural Engineer Tadjer Cohen Edelson
• General Contractor Centex Construction

5
Picture of Two Freedom Square
6
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

7
Existing Structure Floor System

• Two-way Flat Slab with Drop Panels
• 8 Slab
• 10 to 12 Drop Panels
• Floor to Floor Height
• 11-11
• Bay Sizes
• N-S direction
• 31-6
• 28-0
• 25-0
• E-W direction
• 30-6
• 29-0

8
Bay Sizes
29
29
30.5
30.5
31.5
28
25
25
28
31.5
9
Existing Structure Lateral System

• Eccentrically Braced Frames
• Columns vary in sizes
• Largest - 32 x 32
• Smallest - 12 x 24
• Column Strength
• 4,000 psi (13th to roof)
• 6,000 psi (9th to 12th)
• 8,000 psi (4th to 8th)
• 10,000 psi (cellar 2 to 3rd)

• Wind vs. Seismic
• Wind Controlled System
• Overall Drift was 21
• Allowable Drift
• h/400 6.6 inches
• Actual drift
• Wind 3.38 inches
• Seismic 1.68 inches

10
Pros and Cons

• Efficient Core Design
• Low Floor to Floor Heights
• Cost Effective
• No Addition Fireproofing Required

• Excess Number of Columns

11
Proposed Problems

• Rearrange the Column Layout by placing the
  Columns on the Column Lines
• Investigate a Concrete and Steel Design of the
  building
• Redesign the Core of the Building
• Resize Crane
• Investigate Fireproofing
• Use the IBC 2000 code

12
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

13
Structural Design Option ConcreteFloor System

• Two-way Flat Slab with Drop Panels
• 10 Slab
• 12 Drop Panels
• Floor to Floor Height
• 11-11
• Bay Sizes
• N-S direction
• 30-0
• 28-0
• 25-0
• E-W direction
• 30-6
• 29-0

14
Bay Sizes
29
29
30.5
30.5
30
28
25
25
28
30
15
Structural Design Option ConcreteLateral System

• Eccentrically Braced Frames
• Columns vary in sizes
• Largest - 30 x 30
• Smallest - 18 x 18
• Column Strength
• 5,000 psi was used for all floors

• Wind vs. Seismic
• Wind Controlled System
• Overall Drift was 21
• Allowable Drift
• h/400 6.6 inches
• h 220 ft
• Actual drift
• Wind 5.99 inches

16
Pros and Cons

• Simpler Column Layout
• Smaller Columns
• Faster Schedule than Steel
• Same Floor to Floor Height of Existing Structure

• Increased Slab Depth
• Increased Drop Panel Depth
• Redesign of the Core

17
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

18
Structural Design Option SteelFloor System

• Slab on Deck
• 2 LOK Deck
• 4½ Concrete Cover
• Maximum Span 10 ft
• Floor to Floor Height
• 14-0
• Non-Composite
• Composite

19
Bay Sizes
29
29
30.5
30.5
30
28
25
25
28
30
20
Structural Design Option SteelLateral System

• Moment Frames
• In both directions
• Not symmetric
• Comprised of W-Shapes
• Shear Walls
• 4 in the N-S direction
• 10 feet long each
• 2 in the E-W direction
• 20 feet long each

• Overall Height
• Increased to 250 feet
• Wind vs. Seismic
• Wind Controlled System
• Torsion
• Allowable Drift
• h/400 7.5 inches
• Actual Drift
• Wind 7.34 inches

21
Pros and Cons

• Simpler Column Layout

• Increased Floor to Floor Height
• Need for a Crane for Erection
• Longer Schedule than Concrete
• Need of Additional Fireproofing
• Higher Cost than Concrete

22
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

23
Construction Management Design OptionEstimates
(RS Means)

• Steel Building

• Concrete Building

Adjusted Cost per Sq. Ft. 69.41
Contractor Fee (25) 17.35
Architect Fee (6) 4.16
Final Cost per Sq. Ft. 90.92
Final Cost 40,934,911.60
Adjusted Cost per Sq. Ft. 74.19
Contractor Fee (25) 18.55
Architect Fee (6) 4.45
Final Cost per Sq. Ft. 97.19
Final Cost 43,757,853.70
24
Construction Management Design OptionTime
Estimates (RS Means)

• Concrete Construction
• Existing Structure
• 2 weeks per floor
• 200 days

Steel Construction
Daily Output Amount Days Crews
Steel Erection 13.9 ton/day 3,466.479 tons 249.39 E-6
Non-Composite Deck 4,000 sq. ft./day 450,230 sq. ft. 112.56 E-4
Composite Deck 3,600 sq. ft./day 450,230 sq. ft. 125.06 E-4
Slab pumped 140 cy/day 18,759.58 cy 134 C-20
Slab crane bucket 100 cy/day 18,759.58 cy 187.6 C-7
25
Construction Management Design OptionCrane Sizing

• Liebherr
• 290 HC Crane
• Tower Crane
• Cost 11,500 per month
• Capacity 9,070 pounds at 197 foot radius

Capacity at 197 ft
Example of Crane
26
Crane Location
27
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

28
Architecture Design Option

• New Column Layout
• Adjusted Core Layout
• Adjusted some Floor Layout
• Switched the bathrooms
• Separated the Elevators

Womens
Mens
29
Pictures of Ground Floor Plan
30
Pictures of 9th Floor Plan
31
Pictures of 12th Floor Plan
32
Pictures of 15th Floor Plan
33
Pros and Cons

• Changed Core
• Column by the Elevators

34
Order of Presentation

• Introduction/Background
• Existing Structure
• Structural Design Options
• Concrete Design
• Steel Design
• Breadth Design Option
• Construction Management
• Architecture
• Conclusion
• Questions

35
Conclusion

• Steel vs. Concrete
• Concrete has a lower Floor to Floor Height
• Steel Requires Additional Fireproofing
• Concrete is Cheaper
• New Column Layout
• Requires a redesign of the Core of the Building
• Reduces the number of Columns in the building

• Schedule
• Concrete Building is faster to Construct
• Crane Necessary for Steel Construction
• So which Design should be Chosen??

36
So which Design should be Chosen??

• The Existing Structure is the Logical Choice due
  to the Cost, Schedule, and better Core Design
• The Steel Redesign Adds Height, a Crane and Cost
• The Concrete Redesign could work with some
  Refining

37
Special Thanks

• William Hendrix and Joel Kelty from SmithGroup
• The AE Faculty
• Friends in the Lab

38
Questions