Spanish California: 1769-1824

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• Spanish California 1769-1824
• 1770 Golden Age of Spanish Empire

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Colonization of Alta California 10 year
project1769-?

• Why 1769?
• Alta California never directly colonized
• Fear of competitionRussians, English
• Fear of independence
• Must Hispanisize the native population

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Four Tiered Project

• Presidios
• Missions
• Pueblos
• Ranchos

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• Colonial Projects Goals
• Save souls through conversion to Christianity
• Create a Gente de Razon, Hispanisize native
  populations
• Teach farming and agriculture
• Eventually create private property from mission
  lands
• Recruit some Spaniards--Rancheros

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• 4 Presidios
• San Diego, Santa Barbara, Monterey, San Francisco
  
• 3 Pueblos
• Branciforte (Santa Cruz), Los Angeles, San Jose
• 22 Missions
• San Diego 1769 to Solano (Sonoma) 1823
• Ranchos
• Only 20 families until 1824

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Drakes Arrival

• Artists conception of Miwok Indians greeting Sir
  Francis Drake, 1579

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Miwok Sunday Service, Mission Dolores (SF), 1816
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• Missionization of CA Indians
• Control of sex, gender roles
• Agriculture
• Demographic collapse
• Spanish, Catholic Church rationalization

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• Mission La Purisma near Lompoc, CA

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Mission San Diego
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San Gabriel Mission

• San Gabriel Mission

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Santa Barbara Mission

• Santa Barbara Mission

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California Mission Postcards Carmel
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Monterey
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San Francisco
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San Louis Obispo
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Santa Cruz
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• Pueblos
• Spanish on the groundbeginnings of a civil
  society
• Problematic Missions
• Los Angeles Pueblo, 1781
• Racial Diversity in Pueblos (esp LA)

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Pueblo LA 1847
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L.A. 1857
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• Ranchos
• Difficult to recruit Spanish
• Only 20 families from 1769-1824 get land grants
• Nieto Family Long Beach to Orange County
• Dominguez Family San Pedro, Palos Verdes
  (75,000 acres)
• Ideas of property ownership
• Very casual
• Culture of Honor Romantic Image
• Rising tensions
• Padres vs Rancheros

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Dominguez Estate
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Mexican Era 1824-1848

• Independence 1823-34
• Secularization 1833-34
• Native Californians
• Golden Age of the Californio

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Native Laborer on Rancho
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The Romantic Californio
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Californio
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General Vallejo
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Californio Map
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Pio Pico and Family, ca 1850