The Ancient Egyptians

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The Ancient Middle East
Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
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2. The Ancient Egyptians
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A View of Egypt by Satellite
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Compare Egypts population density map to Egypts
physical geography map.

• Population Density

• Compare and Contrast

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What conclusion can you come to about the
relationship between Egypts population and the
Nile River (Please answer using complete
sentences)?
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The Fertile Nile Valley
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The Annual Flooding of the Nile
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Pros and Cons of the Nile River

• Blessing of the Nile River

• Tree Map Pros Cons

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The Nile River

• What is unique about the Nile River? Please
  complete the bubble map.

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Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
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Shaduf

• 1. Was the Nile River predictable?
• 2. Why is its predictability important?
• 3. What did the ancient Egyptians do to harness
  the power of the Nile?
• 4. How long is the Nile River?
• 5. What did the Nile River deposit that made the
  land more fertile?
• 6. What is a Shaduf?
• 7. How is it made?
• 8. How does it work?
• 9. How did it make life easier for the Egyptians?
• 10. Make up one question about the movie.

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Ancient Egyptian History
Periods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins 3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 3100 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2650 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2040 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1550 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 750 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. 395 C. E.
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Ancient Egyptian History
Periods Time Frame
1. 3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 2.
3. 2650 2134 B. C. E.
4. 2040 1640 B. C. E.
5. 1550 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 6.
7. 332 30 B. C. E.
8. 30 B. C. E. 395 C. E.
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Menes Unifier of Upper Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
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TLC

• Please list 20 facts from the video. You must
  write your facts using complete sentences.

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Old Kingdom

• The Old Kingdom is the first of the three
  kingdoms and spanned about 500 years from
  approximately 2650-2150 BC.
• The Old Kingdom was Egypts peak in wealth and
  creativity. All of the pyramids were built during
  the Old Kingdom. Some scholars believe that the
  first pyramid was made around 2815 BC.

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How were the pyramids built?
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Some theories . . .

• Some people believe Hebrew slaves were used
• Some people believe they were built with ramps,
  hang-gliders or a variety of other methods
• A select few even believe Aliens made them.
  Others believe Egyptians made their own pyramids
• We now know that Egyptians made the pyramids
  themselves

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Pharaohs

• Egyptian kings were called Pharaohs. They were so
  powerful that they were considered to be even
  more than kings. Pharaohs were worshipped as
  gods.
• There was no end to the power that an Egyptian
  Pharaoh had. Anything he said went, and it didnt
  matter what anyone else thought or did.

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Dynastic Rule

• The Old Kingdom was ruled by six different
  dynasties. A dynasty means a ruling family, if
  there are at least three generations of kings
  from one family they become a dynasty.
• The dynasties depended on the Nile river and its
  annual floods for prosperity, near the end of the
  old kingdom the Niles floods stopped, and so did
  Egypts prosperity.

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First Intermediate Period (2134-2040 BC)

• The Niles un-cooperation led to what is known as
  an intermediate period which means that it was
  neither a part of the Old nor the Middle Kingdom,
  but a transitional time that led to the Middle
  Kingdom.
• Egypt had very little prosperity during this time
  and poverty began to spread.

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Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 BC)

• The Middle Kingdom begins when Mentuhotep II
  became pharaoh. He was much more powerful and
  capable than the Heracleopolitan pharaohs he
  overthrew.
• Egypt was finally able to be prosperous again.
• The capital of Egypt moved from Memphis to a city
  known as Thebes.

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Pharaohs become less Powerful

• While Pharaohs were still very powerful, more
  power was placed in the hands of smaller
  administrators such as governors.
• The view of Pharaohs as gods was diminishing
  (fading away). Even statues of pharaohs looked
  more like young men or boys and less like gods.

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Hyksos Take Over

• Pharaohs near the end of the Middle Kingdom got a
  bit lazy and were too concerned with themselves
  to notice an influx of immigrants from other
  countries.
• Before they knew it, they were challenged and
  overtaken. They were overthrown by an Asian group
  known as the Hyksos. They controlled Egypt for
  about 100 years.

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The Hyksos
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New Kingdom (1540-1070)

• After 100 years of trying to expel the Hyksos,
  the Egyptians were finally victorious under King
  Ahmose. But this fighting within Egyptian
  boundaries left them wanting more land. The New
  Kingdom was Egypts greatest days of expansion.

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Expansion

• Egyptian pharaohs began to go beyond their
  borders, conquering other smaller and weaker
  civilizations. They then took over their land.
• By the end of the reign of King Thutmosis III,
  the boundaries of the New Kingdom was more than
  twice the size of the Middle Kingdom land.

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Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
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Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
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Daily Life

• http//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/daily
  life/dailylife.html

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Making Ancient Egyptian Wine
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Egyptian Social Hierarchy
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Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
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Egyptian Nobility
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Egyptian Priestly Class
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Egyptian Scribe
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Papyrus ? Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
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Papyrus Paper

• Papyrus

• Paper

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Double-Bubble

• Compare and Contrast paper and papyrus

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How does one make papyrus

• 1. gather papyrus reeds2. cut off the outside
  bark3. cut the reed into strips4. soak the
  strips in water5. criss cross two layers of
  strips6. pound the wet strips into paper

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Egyptian Math Draftsmenship

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
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Champollion the Rosetta Stone
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Hieroglyphic Cartouche
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Hieroglyphics Alphabet
24 letters 700 phonetic symbols
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Create your own alphabet

• For each letter of our alphabet create your own
  letter.
• Write a one sentence message using only your new
  language.

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Egyptian Gods GoddessesThe Sacred Trinity
Osiris Isis
Horus
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Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead persons heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
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Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen
6. Natron2. Sawdust
7. Onion3. Lichen
8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax
9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10. Frankinsense
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Preparation for the Afterlife
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Egyptian Mummies
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C.
E.
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Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on the Solar Bark.
A boat for the journey is provided for a dead
pharaoh in his tomb.
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Egyptian Book of the Dead
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The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus Osiris
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Shabtis The Pharaohs Servants in the
Afterlife
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Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
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The influence of Sumer

• Ziggurat of Ur

• Pyramid of Egypt

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Bent Pyramid of King Sneferu
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Giza Pyramid Complex
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Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
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The Valley of the Kings
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Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
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Carters Discovery
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Entrance to King Tuts Tomb
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King Tutankhamons Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
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King Tutankhamon
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King Tutankhamuns Tomb
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Treasures From Tuts Tomb
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The Valley of the Queens
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
1473-1458 B. C. E.
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Ankhenaton First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
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The Ankh The Cross of Life
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QueenNefertiti
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Abu SimbelMonument to Ramses II
1279-1213 B. C. E.
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Who Are These Strange People?
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Routes of the Sea Peoples
The end of the Bronze Age!
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Essay What Egyptian invention has had the
greatest impact on the modern world?

• Tree Map
• Check with a partner
• Rough Draft (4 paragraphs)
• Final Draft (4 paragraphs)