???? ????:http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~hwlin

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????????http//homepage.ntu.edu.tw/hwlin

• ???????
• A Liberal Theory of Justice
• by John Rawls

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????

• (?)???(John Rawls)????
• ????
• A Theory of Justice
• Political Liberalism
• The Law of Peoples
• Justice as Fairness A Restatement
• (?)?????????

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????

• (?)????????
• (1)???????(principle of utility)????,???????????
  ??????????,?????????
• (2)??????????????
• (?)??????????????
• (1)????????????????????,???????????
• (2)???????? (the distinction between persons) ?

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???????(justice as fairness)

• (?)?????
• (1)?????????
• (2)???????
• (?)??????????????????????????,????????????,?????

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???????(justice as fairness)

• (?)???????????
• (1)??????(perfect procedural justice)
• a)?????????????????????????????????
• b)????????????????
• (2)???????(imperfect procedural justice)
• a)????????????????
• b)??????????,???????????

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???????(justice as fairness)

• (3)??????(pure procedural justice)
• a)????????????,????????????
• b)????????,?????????????????
• c)???????????,????????

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???????(justice as fairness)

• (?)????(the original position)
• (1)????(veil of ignorance)
• a)???????????????,??????????????????
• b)??????????????
• (2)?????????(rational)??????(mutually
  disinterested),??????????????

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???????(justice as fairness)

• (?)???????
• (1)????????(concept of justice)???????(concep
  tion of justice)?
• (2)????????????????????
• (3)??????(considered judgment)??????(reflecti
  ve equilibrium)?

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???????

• (?)??????????????????,????????????
• (?)??????????,?????
• (1)???????(???? difference principle)
• (2)???????????(?????? fair equality of
  opportunity)

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??????????

• (?)??????(the general conception of justice)??
  
• ?????????????????????,??????????????????
• (?)??????
• ???????????,?????????????????????

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?????????????

• (?)?????(the priority of right)
• (1)???????????????
• (2)??????(the right)???(the good)???
• a)???(teleological theory),?????????????????
  ??
• b)???(deontological theory),????????????????
  ???????
• (3)?????????

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?????????????

• (?)?????(primary goods)
• (1)???????????????????????????
• (2)??????????,?????????????????????,????????,????
  ???????????
• (?)??????????????????,??????????????

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??????????

• (?)????????(maximin rule)
• (1)???????????,??????????????,????????????????
• (2)???????????????
• a)????????????
• b)????????,?????????????
• c)????????????????

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??????????
?????(g)?????????????(d)???(c)
?? ?? c1 c2 c3
d1 -7 8 12
d2 -8 7 20
d3 5 6 8
gf(d,c)
???(gain-and-loss table)
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??????????

• (?)?????????????????????
• (1)???????????????
• (2)???????????????,?????????????
• (3)?????????????????

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????????

• (?)??????? (autonomy)??
• (1)?????(heteronomy)?????(reason)??????(inclinat
  ion)????
• (2)????????????????,????????????

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????????

• (?)????????????(categorical imperative)
• (1)?????
• (2)??(maxim)?????
• (3)?????????(hypothetical imperative)???

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????????

• (?)????????????
• (1)???????
• (2)?????????????(intelligible world or noumenal
  world)????????(sensible world or phenomenal
  world)?
• (3)????????????,???????????

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?????????????

• (?)???(communitarianism)???
• (1)????????
• Michael Sandel, Liberalism and the
  Limits of Justice (1982)
• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue
  (1981)
• Charles Taylor, Philosophical
  Papers (1985)
• Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice
  (1983)

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?????????????

• (2)Sandel??????????,????????????????????
• (3)Sandel?????
• a)??????????????????(radically disembodies
  subject),???????
• b)?????????????,???????(discover),??????

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?????????????

• (?)?????(multiculturalism)
• (1)Iris M. Young?????(politics of
  difference)???????????,??????(assimilation),?????
  ?????,????????
• (2)Charles Taylor?????(politics of
  recognition)???????????????????????????

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?????????????

• (?)???????
• (1)??????????
• a)????a device of representation
• b)?????
• c)????(public reason)????(civility)
• (2)Will Kymlicka???????????????(internal
  restrictions)?????(external protections)

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?????????????

• (?)????(deliberative democracy)
• (1)?????????????
• (2)??????????????,???????????,?????,??????????
• (3)?????????,?????????????