Muscles of the Spinal Column

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Muscles of the Spinal Column
Chapter 12
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Cervical Muscles
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Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

• Origin
• Cervicis spinous process of T3-T6
• Capitis - lower half of ligmentum nuchea
  spinous process of C7 and T1-3.
• Insertion
• Cervicis - transverse process of C1-C3.
• Capitis mastoid process and occipital bone
• Actions
• Whole
• Cervical Extension
• Half
• Cervical Rotation to the same side.
• Cervical Lateral flexion

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Splenius (cervicis capitis)
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Splenius
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Sternocleidomastoid

• O Top of the sternum and medial third of the
  clavical
• I Mastoid process
• Action
• Whole
• Cervical Flexion
• Half
• Cervical Lateral Flexion
• Cervical Rotation to the opposite side.

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Sternocleidomastoid
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Scalenes (or scaleni)

• O First two ribs
• I Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
• Actions
• Whole Cervical Flexion
• Half - Cervical Lateral Flexion (help with
  inhalation during exercise)

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Scalenes
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Lumbar Muscles
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Erector spinae muscles

• O Fascia of lower back, posterior L, T and lower
  C vertebrea, and angles of ribs.
• Inesrtions
• Spinalis branch - spinous process of T and C and
  occipital bone
• Longissimus branch - transverse process of T and
  C, mastoid process.
• Iliocostalis branch - angles of the ribs and
  cervical transverse processes
• Actions
• Whole Extension
• Half - Lateral flexion

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Erector spinae muscles
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Erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis branch Longissimus branch Spinalis
branch
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Spinalis branch Longissimus branch
Iliocostalis branch
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Quadratus lumborum

• O Posterior lip of iliac crest
• I Lower border of 12th rib and transverse
  process of L1-4
• Actions
• Half - Lumbar lateral flexion
• Whole - Stabilization

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Quadratus lumborum
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Iliopsoas

• O
• Psoas - lateral surface of T12 and L1-5,
• Iliacus - anterior surface of ilium (iliac fossa)
• I Lesser trochanter of femur
• Action
• Whole - Lumbar flexion of trunk
• Whole - Hip flexion

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Iliopsoas
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Iliopsoas
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The Abdominal Muscles
4.
2.
3.
1.
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Rectus abdominis

• O Crest of the pubis
• I Xyphoid process and 5th - 7th ribs
• Action
• Whole
• Lumbar Flexion
• Half
• Lumbar lateral flexion

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Rectus abdominis
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External oblique

• O Lower 8 ribs.
• I Anterior iliac crest inguinal ligament, crest
  of pubis, fascia of the rectus abdominus
• Action
• Whole Lumbar flexion
• Half
• Lumbar rotation to opposite side
• Lumbar lateral flexion

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External oblique
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External oblique
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Internal oblique

• O Inguinal ligament (from anterior iliac crest
  to pubis) and iliac crest
• I Costal cartilages of the lower ribs.
• Actions
• Whole Lumbar flexion
• Half
• Lumbar rotation to the same side
• Lumbar lateral flexion

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Internal oblique
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Internal
The Oblique Muscles? Which is Internal and
which is External?
External
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Transverse abdominis

• I Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lower 6
  ribs
• O Linea alba ("white line") and pubis crest
• Functions
• Exhalation (during exercise)

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Transverse abdominis
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MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION

• Rib actions
• Respiration

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III. ANATOMY of the RESPIRATOY MUSCLES
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Diaphragm

• O Xiphoid process, costal cartilages, lumbar
  vertebrae
• I Central tendon
• A Flattens, pulls central tendon downward

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External Intercostals

• O Inferior border of the ribs
• I Superior border of the next rib below
• A Draws ribs together and lifts the ribs
• 11 on each side slant down and forward

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Internal Intercostals (p. 379)

• O Inferior border of the ribs
• I Superior border of the next rib down
• A Draws ribs together and lowers ribs
• slant down and backward

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MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
Inspiration
Rib (with Intercostal Muscles)
Diaphragm
Expiration
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I. INSPRIATION

• Increase in thorasic cage
• Volume inside increases
• Pressure decreases
• Air moves into the lungs

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A. Inspiration at Rest

• 1. Diaphragm
• Flattens and moves downward when contracted

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A. Inspiration at Rest

• 1. Diaphragm
• Flattens and moves downward when contracted

• 2. External Intercostals
• Lift the ribs up and out when contracted

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B. Inspiration During Exercise

• 1. Scalenes elevate upper ribs
• 2. Sternoceidomastoid elevate clavical and
  upper ribs
• 3. External intercostal muscles

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II. EXPIRATION

• Decrease thorasic cage
• Volume inside decreases
• Pressure increases
• Air moves out of the lungs

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A. Expiration at Rest.

• No muscles are involved
• Passive recoil action at rest will decrease the
  thorasic cage

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B. Expiration During Exercise

• Internal Intercostals -
• Rectus Abdominus help push the diaphragm
  upward.
• External obliques help push the diaphragm
  upward.
• Internal obliques help push the diaphragm
  upward.
• Transverse abdominus help push the diaphragm
  upward.

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Sternocleidomastoid
Muslces of Expiration
Scalenes
Internal Intercostals
External Intercostals
Rectus Abdominus
Diaphragm
External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transverse Abdominus
Muscles of Inspiration
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Note

• These muscles need to trained with exercise as
  any other muscle does.
• Early limitations (side aches and breathlessness)
  felt during exercise may involve the untrained
  state of these muscles.