The United States Civil War

1
The United States Civil War

• Chapter 14

2
The Secession Crisis

• The Withdrawal of the South

3

• The Failure of Compromise
• after Southern guns fire on Northern ship at Fort
  Sumter, one last effort at compromise

4

• First Battle Fort Sumter

5

• The Opposing Sides
• North advantages
• South advantages

6
The Mobilization of the North

• Economic Measures
• Homestead Act of 1862

7

• Raising the Union Armies
• 1861 US army consisted only of 16,000 troops
• Lincoln calls for an increase to 23,000 troops

8

• The War and Economic Development
• Lincoln and Wartime Politics

9

• Lincoln and Wartime Politics Contd
• Regarding the opposition to war (biggest problem)
• Election of 1864

10
The Abolition of Slavery

• The Politics of Emancipation
• The Confiscation Acts
• First Confiscation Act
• Second Confiscation Act (considered Radical)

11
Fake Smile

• The Emancipation Proclamation

12

• African Americans and the Union Cause
• 186,000 emancipated Southern blacks served as
  soldiers, sailors and laborers for Union forces

13

• Thirteenth Amendment 1865 abolished slavery
• After War 1865 Freedmans Bureau directed by
  General Oliver O. Howard

14
The Mobilization of the South

• The Confederate Government
• The Confederate Constitution
• Jefferson Davis named President

15

• Finance and Mobilization
• The impossible task raising money

16

• Finance and Mobilization Contd
• Mobilization
• decrease in volunteers in 1861

17

• States rights versus Centralization
• Greatest source of Southern Division during War

18
Military Strategy, Campaigns and Battles

• The Commanders
• North
• South

19

• The Sea Power
• Union had overwhelming advantage of naval power,
  served two important roles
• Europe and the Disunited States

20

• The American West and the War
• Opening Clashes 1861

21

• The Western Theater
• The Virginia Front

22

• 1863 Year of decision
• Hooker moves into position to attack Lee at
  Fredericksburg, but withdrawals

23

• 1863 Year of decision Contd
• Lees big decision Invade the North,
• Gettysburg, Pennsylvania July 1-3 1863, most
  celebrated battle of the war
• Chattanooga

24

• Last Stage 1864 1865
• Ulysses S. Grant (now head of Union army), plans
  two great offensives in 1864

25

• Last Stage 1864 1865 Contd
• Seizes and sieges Petersburg which is Richmonds
  communication center...siege would last nine
  months

26

• Last Stage 1864 1865 Contd
• General Lee makes arrangements to meet with
  General Grant in the small town of Appomattox
  Courthouse, Virginia

27
Effects of War on Society

• Statistics
• More than 618,000 Americans died during the Civil
  War, far more than the 115,000 that died during
  WWI and the 318,000 that died during WWII
• Inflation and Public Debt

28

• Role of Women
• In North
• In South
• U.S. Sanitary Commission and Dorthea Dix

29

• Devastation of the South
• Economic
• Physical

30

• Devastation of the South Contd
• Communities
• Changing Labor Patterns