LESSONS FROM PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

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LESSONS FROM PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
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PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• LAQUILA, ITALY
• APRIL 6, 2009

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EARTHQAKES ARE DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING
AND CATALYSTS FOR BUILDING CAPACITY FOR
DISASTER-INTELLIGENT DISASTER-RESILIENT
COMMUNITES

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THE LAQUILA, ITALY AREA WAS DEVASTATED BY A
MODERATE EARTHQUAKE

• M6.3
• 330 AM
• APRIL 6, 2009

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OCCURRENCE
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LOCATION
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LOCATION MAP
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LOCATION MAP
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L'AQUILA (A TOWN OF 70,000) AND 26 VILLAGES
DEVASTATED
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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND
  SHAKING IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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IMPACTS BUILDINGS
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SANTA MARIA PAGANICA CHURCH
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DAMAGE TO CHURCH
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DAMAGE TO DOME OF CHURCH
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A COLLAPSED SCHOOL A PROTECTION NIGHTMARE

• COLLAPSE OF A SCHOOL, A SAFE HAVEN, WITH THE
  LOSS OF YOUNG LIVES, CAN PARALYZE A COMMUNITY
  WITH GRIEF.

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ONNA 3 MILES FROM L'AQUILA
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ONNA
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AFTERSHOCKS EXACERBATE DAMAGE IN VILLAGE OF ONNA
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276 DEAD IN A COLLAPSED BUILDING
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DAMAGED HOUSE
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND
  FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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L'AQUILA SITE EFFECTS FROM LOCATION IN OLD LAKE
BED
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DAMAGE TO ROAD
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SEARCH AND RESCUE COLLAPSED BUILDINGS
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RESCUE WORKERS
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR
  COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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SEARCH AND RESCUE
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SEARCH AND RESCUE
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SEARCH AND RESCUE
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RESCUED VICTIM
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EVACUEE ASLEEP IN CAR
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EVACUATION CENTER UNIVERSITY SPORTS CENTER
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EVACUEES A STADIUM
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EVACUEES HOUSED IN STADIUM
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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IMPACTS

• VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS
  DAMAGED
• UNIVERSITY DORM COLLAPSES
• VULNERABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGED

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IMPACTS

• AT LEAST TWO HUNDRED DEAD AND TWO THOUSAND
  INJURED
• TENS OF THOUSANDS LEFT HOMELESS

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GOING TO PLAN B

• Many earthquake survivors had to be transported
  to Rome for surgery and/or treatment due to
  shortage of resources in the LAquila area